Move class types to init where possible

Bumps the pre-commit group with 1 update: [https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit).


Updates `https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit` from v0.15.11 to 0.15.12
- [Release notes](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit/compare/v0.15.11...v0.15.12)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
  dependency-version: 0.15.12
  dependency-type: direct:production
  dependency-group: pre-commit
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.coveragerc

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [run]
-omit = requests/packages/*
+omit = requests/packages/*

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# You can configure git to automatically use this file with the following config:
+# git config --global blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+
+# Add automatic code formatting to Requests
+2a6f290bc09324406708a4d404a88a45d848ddf9

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Restrict all files related to deploying to
+# require lead maintainer approval.
+
+.github/workflows/            @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+.github/CODEOWNERS            @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+src/requests/__version__.py   @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+HISTORY.md                    @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+pyproject.toml                @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24

.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
-Be cordial or be on your way.
+# Treat each other well
 
-https://www.kennethreitz.org/essays/be-cordial-or-be-on-your-way
+Everyone participating in the _requests_ project, and in particular in the issue tracker,
+pull requests, and social media activity, is expected to treat other people with respect
+and more generally to follow the guidelines articulated in the
+[Python Community Code of Conduct](https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/).

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 # Contribution Guidelines
 
-Before opening any issues or proposing any pull requests, please do the
-following:
-
-1. Read our [Contributor's Guide](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing/).
-2. Understand our [development philosophy](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/philosophy/).
+Before opening any issues or proposing any pull requests, please read
+our [Contributor's Guide](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing/).
 
 To get the greatest chance of helpful responses, please also observe the
 following additional notes.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-custom: ['https://www.python.org/psf/forms/sponsor-application/']
+custom: ['https://www.python.org/psf/sponsorship/']

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ import requests
 
 This command is only available on Requests v2.16.4 and greater. Otherwise,
 please provide some basic information about your system (Python version,
-operating system, &c).
+operating system, &c).

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ about: Create a report to help us improve
 
 ---
 
-Summary.
+<!-- Summary. -->
 
 ## Expected Result
 
-What you expected.
+<!-- What you expected. -->
 
 ## Actual Result
 
-What happened instead.
+<!-- What happened instead. -->
 
 ## Reproduction Steps
 
@@ -25,10 +25,12 @@ import requests
 
     $ python -m requests.help
 
-```
-<paste here>
+```json
+{
+  "paste": "here"
+}
 ```
 
-This command is only available on Requests v2.16.4 and greater. Otherwise,
+<!-- This command is only available on Requests v2.16.4 and greater. Otherwise,
 please provide some basic information about your system (Python version,
-operating system, &c).
+operating system, &c). -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Custom.md

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 ---
 name: Request for Help
 about: Guidance on using Requests.
+labels:
+- "Question/Not a bug"
+- "actions/autoclose-qa"
 
 ---
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Feature_request.md

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 ---
 name: Feature request
 about: Suggest an idea for this project
+labels:
+- "Feature Request"
+- "actions/autoclose-feat"
 
 ---
 

.github/SECURITY.md

@@ -1,18 +1,9 @@
 # Vulnerability Disclosure
 
 If you think you have found a potential security vulnerability in
-requests, please email [Nate](mailto:nate.prewitt@gmail.com)
-and [Seth](mailto:sethmichaellarson@gmail.com) directly.
-**Do not file a public issue.**
-
-Our PGP Key fingerprints are:
-
-- 8722 7E29 AD9C FF5C FAC3  EA6A 44D3 FF97 B80D C864 ([@nateprewitt](https://keybase.io/nateprewitt))
-
-- EDD5 6765 A9D8 4653 CBC8  A134 51B0 6736 1740 F5FC ([@sethmlarson](https://keybase.io/sethmlarson))
-
-You can also contact us on [Keybase](https://keybase.io) with the
-profiles above if desired.
+requests, please open a [draft Security Advisory](https://github.com/psf/requests/security/advisories/new)
+via GitHub. We will coordinate verification and next steps through
+that secure medium.
 
 If English is not your first language, please try to describe the
 problem and its impact to the best of your ability. For greater detail,
@@ -72,7 +63,7 @@ intended patch ahead of time, to ensure that they are able to promptly
 release their downstream packages. Currently the list of people we
 actively contact *ahead of a public release* is:
 
--   Jeremy Cline, Red Hat (@jeremycline)
+-   Python Maintenance Team, Red Hat (python-maint@redhat.com)
 -   Daniele Tricoli, Debian (@eriol)
 
 We will notify these individuals at least a week ahead of our planned

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    ignore:
+      # Ignore all patch releases as we can manually
+      # upgrade if we run into a bug and need a fix.
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-patch"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+    groups:
+      actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+  - package-ecosystem: "pre-commit"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+    groups:
+      pre-commit:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/workflows/close-issues.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: 'Autoclose Issues'
+
+on:
+  issues:
+    types:
+      - labeled
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  close_qa:
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+    if: github.event.label.name == 'actions/autoclose-qa'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - env:
+          ISSUE_URL: ${{ github.event.issue.html_url }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          gh issue close $ISSUE_URL \
+            --comment "As described in the template, we won't be able to answer questions on this issue tracker. Please use [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/)" \
+            --reason completed
+          gh issue lock $ISSUE_URL --reason off_topic
+  close_feature_request:
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+    if: github.event.label.name == 'actions/autoclose-feat'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - env:
+          ISSUE_URL: ${{ github.event.issue.html_url }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          gh issue close $ISSUE_URL \
+            --comment "As described in the template, Requests is not accepting feature requests" \
+            --reason "not planned"
+          gh issue lock $ISSUE_URL --reason off_topic

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [main]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 23 * * 0'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    permissions:
+      actions: read  # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
+      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      security-events: write  # for github/codeql-action/autobuild to send a status report
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+        # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+        fetch-depth: 2
+        persist-credentials: false
+
+    # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then checkout
+    # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+    - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1
+      with:
+        languages: "python"
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Lint code
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+    - name: Run pre-commit
+      uses: pre-commit/action@646c83fcd040023954eafda54b4db0192ce70507 # v3.0.0

.github/workflows/lock-issues.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: 'Lock Threads'
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  action:
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'psf'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@7266a7ce5c1df01b1c6db85bf8cd86c737dadbe7 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+            issue-lock-inactive-days: 90
+            pr-lock-inactive-days: 90

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+name: Publish to PyPI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      test-pypi-only:
+        description: "Publish to Test PyPI only"
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: "Build dists"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    outputs:
+      artifact-id: ${{ steps.upload-artifact.outputs.artifact-id }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout repository"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd" # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: "Setup Python"
+        uses: "actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405" # v6.2.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+
+      - name: "Install dependencies"
+        run: python -m pip install build==1.4.0
+
+      - name: "Build dists"
+        run: |
+          SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --pretty=%ct) \
+          python -m build
+
+      - name: "Upload dists"
+        uses: "actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f"
+        id: upload-artifact
+        with:
+          name: "dist"
+          path: "dist/"
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 5
+
+  publish:
+    name: "Publish"
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+    needs: ["build"]
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    environment:
+      name: "publish"
+
+    steps:
+    - name: "Download dists"
+      uses: "actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3" # v8.0.0
+      with:
+        artifact-ids: ${{ needs.build.outputs.artifact-id }}
+        path: "dist/"
+
+    - name: "Publish dists to PyPI"
+      uses: "pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b" # v1.14.0
+      with:
+        attestations: true
+
+  publish-test-pypi:
+    name: "Publish to Test PyPI"
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+    needs: ["build"]
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    environment:
+      name: "testpypi"
+
+    steps:
+    - name: "Download dists"
+      uses: "actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3" # v8.0.0
+      with:
+        artifact-ids: ${{ needs.build.outputs.artifact-id }}
+        path: "dist/"
+
+    - name: "Publish dists to Test PyPI"
+      uses: "pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b" # v1.14.0
+      with:
+        repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+        attestations: true

.github/workflows/run-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+name: Tests
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.15-dev' }}
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15-dev", "pypy-3.11"]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
+        # Pypy-3.11 can't install openssl-sys with rust
+        # which prevents us from testing in GHA.
+        exclude:
+        - { python-version: "pypy-3.11", os: "windows-latest" }
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        cache: 'pip'
+        allow-prereleases: true
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      env:
+        PYO3_USE_ABI3_FORWARD_COMPATIBILITY: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.15-dev' && '1' || '' }}
+      run: |
+        make
+    - name: Run tests
+      run: |
+        make ci
+
+  no_chardet:
+    name: "No Character Detection"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: 'Set up Python 3.10'
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          make
+          python -m pip uninstall -y "charset_normalizer" "chardet"
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          make ci
+
+  urllib3:
+    name: 'urllib3 1.x'
+    runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: 'Set up Python 3.10'
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          make
+          python  -m pip install "urllib3<2"
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          make ci

.github/workflows/typecheck.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: Type Check
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  typecheck:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.14"]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install pip==26.0.1
+        python -m pip install -e . --group typecheck
+
+    - name: Run pyright
+      run: python -m pyright src/requests/

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Sourced from https://github.com/zizmorcore/zizmor-action
+name: GitHub Actions Security Analysis with zizmor 🌈
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor 🌈
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@71321a20a9ded102f6e9ce5718a2fcec2c4f70d8 # v0.5.2

.gitignore

@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ env/
 
 .workon
 
+# in case you work with IntelliJ/PyCharm
+.idea
+*.iml
+.python-version
+
+
 t.py
 
 t2.py

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+exclude: 'docs/|ext/'
+
+repos:
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v6.0.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: check-case-conflict
+  - id: check-merge-conflict
+  - id: check-toml
+  - id: check-yaml
+  - id: end-of-file-fixer
+  - id: mixed-line-ending
+    args: [--fix=auto]
+  - id: trailing-whitespace
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+  rev: v0.15.12
+  hooks:
+    - id: ruff-check
+      args: [--fix]
+    - id: ruff-format
+      exclude: tests/test_lowlevel.py

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Read the Docs configuration file for Sphinx projects
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
+
+# Required
+version: 2
+
+# Set the OS, Python version and other tools you might need
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.12"
+
+# Build documentation in the "docs/" directory with Sphinx
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+  builder: "dirhtml"
+
+# Optionally build your docs in additional formats such as PDF and ePub
+formats:
+  - pdf
+  - epub
+
+# Optional but recommended, declare the Python requirements required
+# to build your documentation
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guides/reproducible-builds.html
+python:
+  install:
+    - path: .
+    - requirements: docs/requirements.txt

.travis.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-# command to install dependencies
-install: "make"
-# command to run tests
-script:
-  - make test-readme
-  - make ci
-cache: pip
-jobs:
-  include:
-    - stage: test
-      python: '2.7'
-    - stage: test
-      python: '3.5'
-    - stage: test
-      python: '3.6'
-    - stage: test
-      python: '3.7' 
-    - stage: test
-      python: 'pypy3'
-      dist: xenial
-    - stage: test
-      python: '3.8'
-    - stage: coverage
-      python: '3.6'
-      script: codecov

AUTHORS.rst

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 Requests was lovingly created by Kenneth Reitz.
 
-Keepers of the Crystals
-```````````````````````
+Requests Maintainers
+````````````````````
 
+- Ian Stapleton Cordasco <graffatcolmingov@gmail.com> `@sigmavirus24 <https://github.com/sigmavirus24>`_.
 - Nate Prewitt `@nateprewitt <https://github.com/nateprewitt>`_.
-- Seth M. Larson `@sethmlarson <https://github.com/sethmlarson>`_.
 
-Previous Keepers of Crystals
-````````````````````````````
+Previous Maintainers
+````````````````````
+
 - Kenneth Reitz <me@kennethreitz.org> `@kennethreitz <https://github.com/kennethreitz>`_, reluctant Keeper of the Master Crystal.
 - Cory Benfield <cory@lukasa.co.uk> `@lukasa <https://github.com/lukasa>`_
-- Ian Cordasco <graffatcolmingov@gmail.com> `@sigmavirus24 <https://github.com/sigmavirus24>`_.
-
+- Seth M. Larson `@sethmlarson <https://github.com/sethmlarson>`_.
 
 Patches and Suggestions
 ```````````````````````
@@ -190,3 +190,6 @@ Patches and Suggestions
 - Antti Kaihola (`@akaihola <https://github.com/akaihola>`_)
 - "Dull Bananas" <dull.bananas0@gmail.com> (`@dullbananas <https://github.com/dullbananas>`_)
 - Alessio Izzo (`@aless10 <https://github.com/aless10>`_)
+- Sylvain Marié (`@smarie <https://github.com/smarie>`_)
+- Hod Bin Noon (`@hodbn <https://github.com/hodbn>`_)
+- Mike Fiedler (`@miketheman <https://github.com/miketheman>`_)

HISTORY.md

@@ -4,7 +4,392 @@ Release History
 dev
 ---
 
--   \[Short description of non-trivial change.\]
+- \[Short description of non-trivial change.\]
+
+2.34.0 (2026-05-??)
+-------------------
+
+**Improvements**
+* Requests 2.34.0 introduces inline types, replacing those provided by
+  typeshed. Public API types should be fully compatible with mypy, pyright,
+  and ty. (#7272)
+* Digest Auth hashing algorithms have added `usedforsecurity=False` to clarify
+  security considerations. (#7310)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+* ``Response.history`` no longer contains a reference to itself, preventing
+  accidental looping when traversing the history list. (#7328)
+
+
+2.33.1 (2026-03-30)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed test cleanup for CVE-2026-25645 to avoid leaving unnecessary
+  files in the tmp directory. (#7305)
+- Fixed Content-Type header parsing for malformed values. (#7309)
+- Improved error consistency for malformed header values. (#7308)
+
+2.33.0 (2026-03-25)
+-------------------
+
+**Announcements**
+- 📣 Requests is adding inline types. If you have a typed code base that
+uses Requests, please take a look at #7271. Give it a try, and report
+any gaps or feedback you may have in the issue. 📣
+
+**Security**
+- CVE-2026-25645 ``requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths`` now extracts
+  contents to a non-deterministic location to prevent malicious file
+  replacement. This does not affect default usage of Requests, only
+  applications calling the utility function directly.
+
+**Improvements**
+- Migrated to a PEP 517 build system using setuptools. (#7012)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed an issue where an empty netrc entry could cause
+  malformed authentication to be applied to Requests on
+  Python 3.11+. (#7205)
+
+**Deprecations**
+- Dropped support for Python 3.9 following its end of support. (#7196)
+
+**Documentation**
+- Various typo fixes and doc improvements.
+
+
+2.32.5 (2025-08-18)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- The SSLContext caching feature originally introduced in 2.32.0 has created
+  a new class of issues in Requests that have had negative impact across a number
+  of use cases. The Requests team has decided to revert this feature as long term
+  maintenance of it is proving to be unsustainable in its current iteration.
+
+**Deprecations**
+- Added support for Python 3.14.
+- Dropped support for Python 3.8 following its end of support.
+
+2.32.4 (2025-06-10)
+-------------------
+
+**Security**
+- CVE-2024-47081 Fixed an issue where a maliciously crafted URL and trusted
+  environment will retrieve credentials for the wrong hostname/machine from a
+  netrc file.
+
+**Improvements**
+- Numerous documentation improvements
+
+**Deprecations**
+- Added support for pypy 3.11 for Linux and macOS.
+- Dropped support for pypy 3.9 following its end of support.
+
+
+2.32.3 (2024-05-29)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed bug breaking the ability to specify custom SSLContexts in sub-classes of
+  HTTPAdapter. (#6716)
+- Fixed issue where Requests started failing to run on Python versions compiled
+  without the `ssl` module. (#6724)
+
+2.32.2 (2024-05-21)
+-------------------
+
+**Deprecations**
+- To provide a more stable migration for custom HTTPAdapters impacted
+  by the CVE changes in 2.32.0, we've renamed `_get_connection` to
+  a new public API, `get_connection_with_tls_context`. Existing custom
+  HTTPAdapters will need to migrate their code to use this new API.
+  `get_connection` is considered deprecated in all versions of Requests>=2.32.0.
+
+  A minimal (2-line) example has been provided in the linked PR to ease
+  migration, but we strongly urge users to evaluate if their custom adapter
+  is subject to the same issue described in CVE-2024-35195. (#6710)
+
+2.32.1 (2024-05-20)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Add missing test certs to the sdist distributed on PyPI.
+
+
+2.32.0 (2024-05-20)
+-------------------
+
+**Security**
+- Fixed an issue where setting `verify=False` on the first request from a
+  Session will cause subsequent requests to the _same origin_ to also ignore
+  cert verification, regardless of the value of `verify`.
+  (https://github.com/psf/requests/security/advisories/GHSA-9wx4-h78v-vm56)
+
+**Improvements**
+- `verify=True` now reuses a global SSLContext which should improve
+  request time variance between first and subsequent requests. It should
+  also minimize certificate load time on Windows systems when using a Python
+  version built with OpenSSL 3.x. (#6667)
+- Requests now supports optional use of character detection
+  (`chardet` or `charset_normalizer`) when repackaged or vendored.
+  This enables `pip` and other projects to minimize their vendoring
+  surface area. The `Response.text()` and `apparent_encoding` APIs
+  will default to `utf-8` if neither library is present. (#6702)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed bug in length detection where emoji length was incorrectly
+  calculated in the request content-length. (#6589)
+- Fixed deserialization bug in JSONDecodeError. (#6629)
+- Fixed bug where an extra leading `/` (path separator) could lead
+  urllib3 to unnecessarily reparse the request URI. (#6644)
+
+**Deprecations**
+
+- Requests has officially added support for CPython 3.12 (#6503)
+- Requests has officially added support for PyPy 3.9 and 3.10 (#6641)
+- Requests has officially dropped support for CPython 3.7 (#6642)
+- Requests has officially dropped support for PyPy 3.7 and 3.8 (#6641)
+
+**Documentation**
+- Various typo fixes and doc improvements.
+
+**Packaging**
+- Requests has started adopting some modern packaging practices.
+  The source files for the projects (formerly `requests`) is now located
+  in `src/requests` in the Requests sdist. (#6506)
+- Starting in Requests 2.33.0, Requests will migrate to a PEP 517 build system
+  using `hatchling`. This should not impact the average user, but extremely old
+  versions of packaging utilities may have issues with the new packaging format.
+
+
+2.31.0 (2023-05-22)
+-------------------
+
+**Security**
+- Versions of Requests between v2.3.0 and v2.30.0 are vulnerable to potential
+  forwarding of `Proxy-Authorization` headers to destination servers when
+  following HTTPS redirects.
+
+  When proxies are defined with user info (`https://user:pass@proxy:8080`), Requests
+  will construct a `Proxy-Authorization` header that is attached to the request to
+  authenticate with the proxy.
+
+  In cases where Requests receives a redirect response, it previously reattached
+  the `Proxy-Authorization` header incorrectly, resulting in the value being
+  sent through the tunneled connection to the destination server. Users who rely on
+  defining their proxy credentials in the URL are *strongly* encouraged to upgrade
+  to Requests 2.31.0+ to prevent unintentional leakage and rotate their proxy
+  credentials once the change has been fully deployed.
+
+  Users who do not use a proxy or do not supply their proxy credentials through
+  the user information portion of their proxy URL are not subject to this
+  vulnerability.
+
+  Full details can be read in our [Github Security Advisory](https://github.com/psf/requests/security/advisories/GHSA-j8r2-6x86-q33q)
+  and [CVE-2023-32681](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32681).
+
+
+2.30.0 (2023-05-03)
+-------------------
+
+**Dependencies**
+- ⚠️ Added support for urllib3 2.0. ⚠️
+
+  This may contain minor breaking changes so we advise careful testing and
+  reviewing https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/v2-migration-guide.html
+  prior to upgrading.
+
+  Users who wish to stay on urllib3 1.x can pin to `urllib3<2`.
+
+2.29.0 (2023-04-26)
+-------------------
+
+**Improvements**
+
+- Requests now defers chunked requests to the urllib3 implementation to improve
+  standardization. (#6226)
+- Requests relaxes header component requirements to support bytes/str subclasses. (#6356)
+
+2.28.2 (2023-01-12)
+-------------------
+
+**Dependencies**
+
+- Requests now supports charset\_normalizer 3.x. (#6261)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- Updated MissingSchema exception to suggest https scheme rather than http. (#6188)
+
+2.28.1 (2022-06-29)
+-------------------
+
+**Improvements**
+
+- Speed optimization in `iter_content` with transition to `yield from`. (#6170)
+
+**Dependencies**
+
+- Added support for chardet 5.0.0 (#6179)
+- Added support for charset-normalizer 2.1.0 (#6169)
+
+2.28.0 (2022-06-09)
+-------------------
+
+**Deprecations**
+
+- ⚠️ Requests has officially dropped support for Python 2.7. ⚠️ (#6091)
+- Requests has officially dropped support for Python 3.6 (including pypy3.6). (#6091)
+
+**Improvements**
+
+- Wrap JSON parsing issues in Request's JSONDecodeError for payloads without
+  an encoding to make `json()` API consistent. (#6097)
+- Parse header components consistently, raising an InvalidHeader error in
+  all invalid cases. (#6154)
+- Added provisional 3.11 support with current beta build. (#6155)
+- Requests got a makeover and we decided to paint it black. (#6095)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- Fixed bug where setting `CURL_CA_BUNDLE` to an empty string would disable
+  cert verification. All Requests 2.x versions before 2.28.0 are affected. (#6074)
+- Fixed urllib3 exception leak, wrapping `urllib3.exceptions.SSLError` with
+  `requests.exceptions.SSLError` for `content` and `iter_content`. (#6057)
+- Fixed issue where invalid Windows registry entries caused proxy resolution
+  to raise an exception rather than ignoring the entry. (#6149)
+- Fixed issue where entire payload could be included in the error message for
+  JSONDecodeError. (#6036)
+
+2.27.1 (2022-01-05)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- Fixed parsing issue that resulted in the `auth` component being
+  dropped from proxy URLs. (#6028)
+
+2.27.0 (2022-01-03)
+-------------------
+
+**Improvements**
+
+- Officially added support for Python 3.10. (#5928)
+
+- Added a `requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError` to unify JSON exceptions between
+  Python 2 and 3. This gets raised in the `response.json()` method, and is
+  backwards compatible as it inherits from previously thrown exceptions.
+  Can be caught from `requests.exceptions.RequestException` as well. (#5856)
+
+- Improved error text for misnamed `InvalidSchema` and `MissingSchema`
+  exceptions. This is a temporary fix until exceptions can be renamed
+  (Schema->Scheme). (#6017)
+
+- Improved proxy parsing for proxy URLs missing a scheme. This will address
+  recent changes to `urlparse` in Python 3.9+. (#5917)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- Fixed defect in `extract_zipped_paths` which could result in an infinite loop
+  for some paths. (#5851)
+
+- Fixed handling for `AttributeError` when calculating length of files obtained
+  by `Tarfile.extractfile()`. (#5239)
+
+- Fixed urllib3 exception leak, wrapping `urllib3.exceptions.InvalidHeader` with
+  `requests.exceptions.InvalidHeader`. (#5914)
+
+- Fixed bug where two Host headers were sent for chunked requests. (#5391)
+
+- Fixed regression in Requests 2.26.0 where `Proxy-Authorization` was
+  incorrectly stripped from all requests sent with `Session.send`. (#5924)
+
+- Fixed performance regression in 2.26.0 for hosts with a large number of
+  proxies available in the environment. (#5924)
+
+- Fixed idna exception leak, wrapping `UnicodeError` with
+  `requests.exceptions.InvalidURL` for URLs with a leading dot (.) in the
+  domain. (#5414)
+
+**Deprecations**
+
+- Requests support for Python 2.7 and 3.6 will be ending in 2022. While we
+  don't have exact dates, Requests 2.27.x is likely to be the last release
+  series providing support.
+
+2.26.0 (2021-07-13)
+-------------------
+
+**Improvements**
+
+- Requests now supports Brotli compression, if either the `brotli` or
+  `brotlicffi` package is installed. (#5783)
+
+- `Session.send` now correctly resolves proxy configurations from both
+  the Session and Request. Behavior now matches `Session.request`. (#5681)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- Fixed a race condition in zip extraction when using Requests in parallel
+  from zip archive. (#5707)
+
+**Dependencies**
+
+- Instead of `chardet`, use the MIT-licensed `charset_normalizer` for Python3
+  to remove license ambiguity for projects bundling requests. If `chardet`
+  is already installed on your machine it will be used instead of `charset_normalizer`
+  to keep backwards compatibility. (#5797)
+
+  You can also install `chardet` while installing requests by
+  specifying `[use_chardet_on_py3]` extra as follows:
+
+    ```shell
+    pip install "requests[use_chardet_on_py3]"
+    ```
+
+  Python2 still depends upon the `chardet` module.
+
+- Requests now supports `idna` 3.x on Python 3. `idna` 2.x will continue to
+  be used on Python 2 installations. (#5711)
+
+**Deprecations**
+
+- The `requests[security]` extra has been converted to a no-op install.
+  PyOpenSSL is no longer the recommended secure option for Requests. (#5867)
+
+- Requests has officially dropped support for Python 3.5. (#5867)
+
+2.25.1 (2020-12-16)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- Requests now treats `application/json` as `utf8` by default. Resolving
+  inconsistencies between `r.text` and `r.json` output. (#5673)
+
+**Dependencies**
+
+- Requests now supports chardet v4.x.
+
+2.25.0 (2020-11-11)
+-------------------
+
+**Improvements**
+
+- Added support for NETRC environment variable. (#5643)
+
+**Dependencies**
+
+- Requests now supports urllib3 v1.26.
+
+**Deprecations**
+
+- Requests v2.25.x will be the last release series with support for Python 3.5.
+- The `requests[security]` extra is officially deprecated and will be removed
+  in Requests v2.26.0.
 
 2.24.0 (2020-06-17)
 -------------------
@@ -37,7 +422,7 @@ dev
 **Dependencies**
 
 - Pinning for `chardet` and `idna` now uses major version instead of minor.
-  This hopefully reduces the need for releases everytime a dependency is updated.
+  This hopefully reduces the need for releases every time a dependency is updated.
 
 2.22.0 (2019-05-15)
 -------------------
@@ -392,7 +777,7 @@ Or, even better:
 
 -   Fixed regression from 2.12.2 where non-string types were rejected in
     the basic auth parameters. While support for this behaviour has been
-    readded, the behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in the
+    re-added, the behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in the
     future.
 
 2.12.3 (2016-12-01)
@@ -1626,12 +2011,12 @@ This is not a backwards compatible change.
 -   Automatic Authentication API Change
 -   Smarter Query URL Parameterization
 -   Allow file uploads and POST data together
--   
+-
 
     New Authentication Manager System
 
     :   -   Simpler Basic HTTP System
-        -   Supports all build-in urllib2 Auths
+        -   Supports all built-in urllib2 Auths
         -   Allows for custom Auth Handlers
 
 0.2.4 (2011-02-19)
@@ -1645,7 +2030,7 @@ This is not a backwards compatible change.
 0.2.3 (2011-02-15)
 ------------------
 
--   
+-
 
     New HTTPHandling Methods
 
@@ -1678,4 +2063,3 @@ This is not a backwards compatible change.
 
 -   Frustration
 -   Conception
-

LICENSE

@@ -1,13 +1,175 @@
-Copyright 2019 Kenneth Reitz
 
-   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
 
-       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
 
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
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+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
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+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
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+
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+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
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+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
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+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
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+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-include README.md LICENSE NOTICE HISTORY.md pytest.ini requirements.txt Pipfile Pipfile.lock
+include README.md LICENSE NOTICE HISTORY.md requirements-dev.txt
 recursive-include tests *.py
+recursive-include tests/certs *

Makefile

@@ -1,28 +1,27 @@
 .PHONY: docs
 init:
-	pip install pipenv --upgrade
-	pipenv install --dev
+	python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
 test:
-	# This runs all of the tests, on both Python 2 and Python 3.
-	detox
+	python -m pytest tests
+
 ci:
-	pipenv run py.test -n 8 --boxed --junitxml=report.xml
+	python -m pytest tests --junitxml=report.xml
 
 test-readme:
-	@pipenv run python setup.py check --restructuredtext --strict && ([ $$? -eq 0 ] && echo "README.rst and HISTORY.rst ok") || echo "Invalid markup in README.rst or HISTORY.rst!"
-
-flake8:
-	pipenv run flake8 --ignore=E501,F401,E128,E402,E731,F821 requests
+	python setup.py check --restructuredtext --strict && ([ $$? -eq 0 ] && echo "README.rst and HISTORY.rst ok") || echo "Invalid markup in README.rst or HISTORY.rst!"
 
 coverage:
-	pipenv run py.test --cov-config .coveragerc --verbose --cov-report term --cov-report xml --cov=requests tests
+	python -m pytest --cov-config .coveragerc --verbose --cov-report term --cov-report xml --cov=src/requests tests
 
-publish:
-	pip install 'twine>=1.5.0'
-	python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
-	twine upload dist/*
+.publishenv:
+	python -m venv .publishenv
+	.publishenv/bin/pip install 'twine>=1.5.0' build
+
+publish: .publishenv
+	.publishenv/bin/python -m build
+	.publishenv/bin/python -m twine upload --skip-existing dist/*
 	rm -fr build dist .egg requests.egg-info
 
 docs:
 	cd docs && make html
-	@echo "\033[95m\n\nBuild successful! View the docs homepage at docs/_build/html/index.html.\n\033[0m"
+	@echo "\033[95m\n\nBuild successful! View the docs homepage at docs/_build/html/index.html.\n\033[0m"

NOTICE

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Requests
+Copyright 2019 Kenneth Reitz

Pipfile

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-[[source]]
-url = "https://pypi.org/simple/"
-verify_ssl = true
-name = "pypi"
-
-[dev-packages]
-alabaster = "*"
-codecov = "*"
-docutils = "*"
-detox = "*"
-"flake8" = "*"
-httpbin = ">=0.7.0"
-more-itertools = "<6.0"
-pysocks = "*"
-pytest = ">=2.8.0,<=3.10.1"
-pytest-httpbin = ">=0.0.7,<1.0"
-pytest-mock = "*"
-pytest-cov = "*"
-pytest-xdist = "<=1.25"
-readme-renderer = "*"
-sphinx = "<=1.5.5"
-tox = "*"
-
-[packages]
-"requests" = {path = ".", editable = true, extras = ["socks"]}

Pipfile.lock

@@ -1,765 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "_meta": {
-        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "9c8d31d74dee008bc23d846267f23665288b0b1bee2525baca681d1061726701"
-        },
-        "pipfile-spec": 6,
-        "requires": {},
-        "sources": [
-            {
-                "name": "pypi",
-                "url": "https://pypi.org/simple/",
-                "verify_ssl": true
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    "default": {
-        "certifi": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:017c25db2a153ce562900032d5bc68e9f191e44e9a0f762f373977de9df1fbb3",
-                "sha256:25b64c7da4cd7479594d035c08c2d809eb4aab3a26e5a990ea98cc450c320f1f"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2019.11.28"
-        },
-        "chardet": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:84ab92ed1c4d4f16916e05906b6b75a6c0fb5db821cc65e70cbd64a3e2a5eaae",
-                "sha256:fc323ffcaeaed0e0a02bf4d117757b98aed530d9ed4531e3e15460124c106691"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.4"
-        },
-        "idna": {
-            "hashes": [
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-                "sha256:a068a21ceac8a4d63dbfd964670474107f541babbd2250d61922f029858365fa"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.9"
-        },
-        "pysocks": {
-            "hashes": [
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-                "sha256:2725bd0a9925919b9b51739eea5f9e2bae91e83288108a9ad338b2e3a4435ee5",
-                "sha256:3f8804571ebe159c380ac6de37643bb4685970655d3bba243530d6558b799aa0"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.7.1"
-        },
-        "requests": {
-            "editable": true,
-            "extras": [
-                "socks"
-            ],
-            "path": "."
-        },
-        "urllib3": {
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-            ],
-            "version": "==1.25.8"
-        }
-    },
-    "develop": {
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-        },
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-                "sha256:8cd57e27418a7d7d205fcc9802eea246ed06170e3065abfa76c6d9b40553592c",
-                "sha256:d3919c5df0b644454129c0066a8ae62db40ac54bacb4cfd89d8cfa58615a4b42"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.3.0"
-        },
-        "pytest-mock": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:b35eb281e93aafed138db25c8772b95d3756108b601947f89af503f8c629413f",
-                "sha256:cb67402d87d5f53c579263d37971a164743dc33c159dfb4fb4a86f37c5552307"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==2.0.0"
-        },
-        "pytest-xdist": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:96f893094c89fddeaff3f4783f4807f7aeb138be1a0d87a8805057b6af1201b5",
-                "sha256:aab1402f2b063df48bf044b042707610f8fcc4c49d0eb9c10e79e30b3f26074f"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.25.0"
-        },
-        "pytz": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1c557d7d0e871de1f5ccd5833f60fb2550652da6be2693c1e02300743d21500d",
-                "sha256:b02c06db6cf09c12dd25137e563b31700d3b80fcc4ad23abb7a315f2789819be"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2019.3"
-        },
-        "raven": {
-            "extras": [
-                "flask"
-            ],
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3fa6de6efa2493a7c827472e984ce9b020797d0da16f1db67197bcc23c8fae54",
-                "sha256:44a13f87670836e153951af9a3c80405d36b43097db869a36e92809673692ce4"
-            ],
-            "version": "==6.10.0"
-        },
-        "readme-renderer": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1b6d8dd1673a0b293766b4106af766b6eff3654605f9c4f239e65de6076bc222",
-                "sha256:e67d64242f0174a63c3b727801a2fff4c1f38ebe5d71d95ff7ece081945a6cd4"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==25.0"
-        },
-        "requests": {
-            "editable": true,
-            "extras": [
-                "socks"
-            ],
-            "path": "."
-        },
-        "scandir": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2586c94e907d99617887daed6c1d102b5ca28f1085f90446554abf1faf73123e",
-                "sha256:2ae41f43797ca0c11591c0c35f2f5875fa99f8797cb1a1fd440497ec0ae4b022",
-                "sha256:2b8e3888b11abb2217a32af0766bc06b65cc4a928d8727828ee68af5a967fa6f",
-                "sha256:2c712840c2e2ee8dfaf36034080108d30060d759c7b73a01a52251cc8989f11f",
-                "sha256:4d4631f6062e658e9007ab3149a9b914f3548cb38bfb021c64f39a025ce578ae",
-                "sha256:67f15b6f83e6507fdc6fca22fedf6ef8b334b399ca27c6b568cbfaa82a364173",
-                "sha256:7d2d7a06a252764061a020407b997dd036f7bd6a175a5ba2b345f0a357f0b3f4",
-                "sha256:8c5922863e44ffc00c5c693190648daa6d15e7c1207ed02d6f46a8dcc2869d32",
-                "sha256:92c85ac42f41ffdc35b6da57ed991575bdbe69db895507af88b9f499b701c188",
-                "sha256:b24086f2375c4a094a6b51e78b4cf7ca16c721dcee2eddd7aa6494b42d6d519d",
-                "sha256:cb925555f43060a1745d0a321cca94bcea927c50114b623d73179189a4e100ac"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '3.5'",
-            "version": "==1.10.0"
-        },
-        "singledispatch": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5b06af87df13818d14f08a028e42f566640aef80805c3b50c5056b086e3c2b9c",
-                "sha256:833b46966687b3de7f438c761ac475213e53b306740f1abfaa86e1d1aae56aa8"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '3.4'",
-            "version": "==3.4.0.3"
-        },
-        "six": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:236bdbdce46e6e6a3d61a337c0f8b763ca1e8717c03b369e87a7ec7ce1319c0a",
-                "sha256:8f3cd2e254d8f793e7f3d6d9df77b92252b52637291d0f0da013c76ea2724b6c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.14.0"
-        },
-        "snowballstemmer": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:209f257d7533fdb3cb73bdbd24f436239ca3b2fa67d56f6ff88e86be08cc5ef0",
-                "sha256:df3bac3df4c2c01363f3dd2cfa78cce2840a79b9f1c2d2de9ce8d31683992f52"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.0.0"
-        },
-        "sphinx": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:11f271e7a9398385ed730e90f0bb41dc3815294bdcd395b46ed2d033bc2e7d87",
-                "sha256:4064ea6c56feeb268838cb8fbbee507d0c3d5d92fa63a7df935a916b52c9e2f5"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.5.5"
-        },
-        "toml": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:229f81c57791a41d65e399fc06bf0848bab550a9dfd5ed66df18ce5f05e73d5c",
-                "sha256:235682dd292d5899d361a811df37e04a8828a5b1da3115886b73cf81ebc9100e"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.10.0"
-        },
-        "tox": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2a8d8a63660563e41e64e3b5b677e81ce1ffa5e2a93c2c565d3768c287445800",
-                "sha256:edfca7809925f49bdc110d0a2d9966bbf35a0c25637216d9586e7a5c5de17bfb"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.6.1"
-        },
-        "typing": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:91dfe6f3f706ee8cc32d38edbbf304e9b7583fb37108fef38229617f8b3eba23",
-                "sha256:c8cabb5ab8945cd2f54917be357d134db9cc1eb039e59d1606dc1e60cb1d9d36",
-                "sha256:f38d83c5a7a7086543a0f649564d661859c5146a85775ab90c0d2f93ffaa9714"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '3.5'",
-            "version": "==3.7.4.1"
-        },
-        "urllib3": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2f3db8b19923a873b3e5256dc9c2dedfa883e33d87c690d9c7913e1f40673cdc",
-                "sha256:87716c2d2a7121198ebcb7ce7cccf6ce5e9ba539041cfbaeecfb641dc0bf6acc"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.25.8"
-        },
-        "virtualenv": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:4e399f48c6b71228bf79f5febd27e3bbb753d9d5905776a86667bc61ab628a25",
-                "sha256:9e81279f4a9d16d1c0654a127c2c86e5bca2073585341691882c1e66e31ef8a5"
-            ],
-            "version": "==20.0.15"
-        },
-        "webencodings": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:a0af1213f3c2226497a97e2b3aa01a7e4bee4f403f95be16fc9acd2947514a78",
-                "sha256:b36a1c245f2d304965eb4e0a82848379241dc04b865afcc4aab16748587e1923"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.5.1"
-        },
-        "werkzeug": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2de2a5db0baeae7b2d2664949077c2ac63fbd16d98da0ff71837f7d1dea3fd43",
-                "sha256:6c80b1e5ad3665290ea39320b91e1be1e0d5f60652b964a3070216de83d2e47c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.0.1"
-        },
-        "zipp": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c70410551488251b0fee67b460fb9a536af8d6f9f008ad10ac51f615b6a521b1",
-                "sha256:e0d9e63797e483a30d27e09fffd308c59a700d365ec34e93cc100844168bf921"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '3.8'",
-            "version": "==1.2.0"
-        }
-    }
-}

README.md

@@ -1,36 +1,16 @@
+# Requests
 
+[![Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/requests.svg?maxAge=86400)](https://pypi.org/project/requests/)
+[![Supported Versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/requests.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/requests)
+[![Downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/badge/requests/month)](https://pepy.tech/project/requests)
+[![Contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/psf/requests.svg)](https://github.com/psf/requests/graphs/contributors)
+[![Documentation](https://readthedocs.org/projects/requests/badge/?version=latest)](https://requests.readthedocs.io)
 
-<span align="center">
-
-<pre>
-    <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/requests/master/ext/requests-logo.png" align="center" /></a>
-    
-    <div align="left">
-    <p></p>
-    <code> Python 3.7.4 (default, Sep  7 2019, 18:27:02)</code>
-    <code> >>> <strong>import requests</strong></code>
-    <code> >>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/repos/psf/requests')</code>
-    <code> >>> r.json()["description"]</code>
-    <code> 'A simple, yet elegant HTTP library.'</code>
-    </div>
-
-    <p align="center">
-This software has been designed for you, with much joy,
-by <a href="https://kennethreitz.org/">Kenneth Reitz</a> & is protected by The <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/">Python Software Foundation</a>.
-   </p>
-</pre>
-
-</span>
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
-
-<p align="center"><strong>Requests</strong> is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built with ♥.</p>
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
+**Requests** is a simple, yet elegant, HTTP library.
 
 ```python
 >>> import requests
->>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=('user', 'pass'))
+>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=('user', 'pass'))
 >>> r.status_code
 200
 >>> r.headers['content-type']
@@ -38,89 +18,59 @@ by <a href="https://kennethreitz.org/">Kenneth Reitz</a> & is protected by The <
 >>> r.encoding
 'utf-8'
 >>> r.text
-'{"type":"User"...'
+'{"authenticated": true, ...'
 >>> r.json()
-{'disk_usage': 368627, 'private_gists': 484, ...}
+{'authenticated': True, ...}
 ```
 
-
-
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-
 Requests allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests extremely easily. There’s no need to manually add query strings to your URLs, or to form-encode your `PUT` & `POST` data — but nowadays, just use the `json` method!
 
+Requests is one of the most downloaded Python packages today, pulling in around `300M downloads / week` — according to GitHub, Requests is currently [depended upon](https://github.com/psf/requests/network/dependents?package_id=UGFja2FnZS01NzA4OTExNg%3D%3D) by `4,000,000+` repositories.
 
-Requests is one of the most downloaded Python package today, pulling in around `14M downloads / week`— according to GitHub, Requests is currently [depended upon](https://github.com/psf/requests/network/dependents?package_id=UGFja2FnZS01NzA4OTExNg%3D%3D) by `500,000+` repositories. You may certainly put your trust in this code.
+## Installing Requests and Supported Versions
 
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<p align="center"><a href="https://pepy.tech/project/requests" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/e1dedc9f5ce5cd6b6c699f33d2e812daadcf3645/68747470733a2f2f706570792e746563682f62616467652f7265717565737473" alt="Downloads" data-canonical-src="https://pepy.tech/badge/requests" style="max-width:100%;"></a>
-<a href="https://pypi.org/project/requests/" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6d78aeec0a9a1cfe147ad064bfb99069e298e29b/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f707976657273696f6e732f72657175657374732e737667" alt="image" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/requests.svg" style="max-width:100%;"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/psf/requests/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/a70ea15870b38bba9203b969f6a6b7e7845fbb8a/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f636f6e7472696275746f72732f7073662f72657175657374732e737667" alt="image" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/psf/requests.svg" style="max-width:100%;"></a></p>
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-
-<h2 align="center">Supported Features & Best–Practices</h2>
-
-Requests is ready for the demands of building robust and reliable HTTP–speak applications, for the needs of today.
-
-<pre class="test">
-         + International Domains and URLs       + Keep-Alive & Connection Pooling
-         + Sessions with Cookie Persistence     + Browser-style SSL Verification
-         + Basic & Digest Authentication        + Familiar `dict`–like Cookies
-         + Automatic Decompression of Content   + Automatic Content Decoding
-         + Automatic Connection Pooling         + Unicode Response Bodies<super>*</super>
-         + Multi-part File Uploads              + SOCKS Proxy Support
-         + Connection Timeouts                  + Streaming Downloads
-         + Automatic honoring of `.netrc`       + Chunked HTTP Requests
-
-                            &, of course, rock–solid stability!
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<p align="center">
-        ✨ 🍰 ✨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-</p>
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-
-Requests Module Installation
-----------------------------
-
-The recommended way to install the `requests` module is to simply use [`pipenv`](https://pipenv.kennethreitz.org) (or `pip`, of
-course):
+Requests is available on PyPI:
 
 ```console
-$ pipenv install requests
-Adding requests to Pipfile's [packages]…
-✔ Installation Succeeded
-…
+$ python -m pip install requests
 ```
 
-Requests officially supports Python 2.7 & 3.5+.
+Requests officially supports Python 3.10+.
 
--------------------------------------
+## Supported Features & Best–Practices
 
-## P.S. — Documentation is available at [`requests.readthedocs.io`](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).
+Requests is ready for the demands of building robust and reliable HTTP–speaking applications, for the needs of today.
 
-<p align="center">
-        <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/requests/master/ext/ss.png" align="center" /></a>
-</p>
+- Keep-Alive & Connection Pooling
+- International Domains and URLs
+- Sessions with Cookie Persistence
+- Browser-style TLS/SSL Verification
+- Basic & Digest Authentication
+- Familiar `dict`–like Cookies
+- Automatic Content Decompression and Decoding
+- Multi-part File Uploads
+- SOCKS Proxy Support
+- Connection Timeouts
+- Streaming Downloads
+- Automatic honoring of `.netrc`
+- Chunked HTTP Requests
 
+## Cloning the repository
 
-------------------
+When cloning the Requests repository, you may need to add the `-c
+fetch.fsck.badTimezone=ignore` flag to avoid an error about a bad commit timestamp (see
+[this issue](https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/2690) for more background):
 
+```shell
+git clone -c fetch.fsck.badTimezone=ignore https://github.com/psf/requests.git
+```
 
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
+You can also apply this setting to your global Git config:
 
-<p align="center">
-        <a href="https://kennethreitz.org/"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/requests/master/ext/kr.png" align="center" /></a>
-</p>
+```shell
+git config --global fetch.fsck.badTimezone ignore
+```
 
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
+---
 
-<p align="center">
-        <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/requests/master/ext/psf.png" align="center" /></a>
-</p>
+[![Kenneth Reitz](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/requests/main/ext/kr.png)](https://kennethreitz.org) [![Python Software Foundation](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/requests/main/ext/psf.png)](https://www.python.org/psf)

_appveyor/install.ps1

@@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-# Sample script to install Python and pip under Windows
-# Authors: Olivier Grisel, Jonathan Helmus, Kyle Kastner, and Alex Willmer
-# License: CC0 1.0 Universal: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
-
-$MINICONDA_URL = "http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/"
-$BASE_URL = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/"
-$GET_PIP_URL = "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py"
-$GET_PIP_PATH = "C:\get-pip.py"
-
-$PYTHON_PRERELEASE_REGEX = @"
-(?x)
-(?<major>\d+)
-\.
-(?<minor>\d+)
-\.
-(?<micro>\d+)
-(?<prerelease>[a-z]{1,2}\d+)
-"@
-
-
-function Download ($filename, $url) {
-    $webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
-
-    $basedir = $pwd.Path + "\"
-    $filepath = $basedir + $filename
-    if (Test-Path $filename) {
-        Write-Host "Reusing" $filepath
-        return $filepath
-    }
-
-    # Download and retry up to 3 times in case of network transient errors.
-    Write-Host "Downloading" $filename "from" $url
-    $retry_attempts = 2
-    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $retry_attempts; $i++) {
-        try {
-            $webclient.DownloadFile($url, $filepath)
-            break
-        }
-        Catch [Exception]{
-            Start-Sleep 1
-        }
-    }
-    if (Test-Path $filepath) {
-        Write-Host "File saved at" $filepath
-    } else {
-        # Retry once to get the error message if any at the last try
-        $webclient.DownloadFile($url, $filepath)
-    }
-    return $filepath
-}
-
-
-function ParsePythonVersion ($python_version) {
-    if ($python_version -match $PYTHON_PRERELEASE_REGEX) {
-        return ([int]$matches.major, [int]$matches.minor, [int]$matches.micro,
-                $matches.prerelease)
-    }
-    $version_obj = [version]$python_version
-    return ($version_obj.major, $version_obj.minor, $version_obj.build, "")
-}
-
-
-function DownloadPython ($python_version, $platform_suffix) {
-    $major, $minor, $micro, $prerelease = ParsePythonVersion $python_version
-
-    if (($major -le 2 -and $micro -eq 0) `
-        -or ($major -eq 3 -and $minor -le 2 -and $micro -eq 0) `
-        ) {
-        $dir = "$major.$minor"
-        $python_version = "$major.$minor$prerelease"
-    } else {
-        $dir = "$major.$minor.$micro"
-    }
-
-    if ($prerelease) {
-        if (($major -le 2) `
-            -or ($major -eq 3 -and $minor -eq 1) `
-            -or ($major -eq 3 -and $minor -eq 2) `
-            -or ($major -eq 3 -and $minor -eq 3) `
-            ) {
-            $dir = "$dir/prev"
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (($major -le 2) -or ($major -le 3 -and $minor -le 4)) {
-        $ext = "msi"
-        if ($platform_suffix) {
-            $platform_suffix = ".$platform_suffix"
-        }
-    } else {
-        $ext = "exe"
-        if ($platform_suffix) {
-            $platform_suffix = "-$platform_suffix"
-        }
-    }
-
-    $filename = "python-$python_version$platform_suffix.$ext"
-    $url = "$BASE_URL$dir/$filename"
-    $filepath = Download $filename $url
-    return $filepath
-}
-
-
-function InstallPython ($python_version, $architecture, $python_home) {
-    Write-Host "Installing Python" $python_version "for" $architecture "bit architecture to" $python_home
-    if (Test-Path $python_home) {
-        Write-Host $python_home "already exists, skipping."
-        return $false
-    }
-    if ($architecture -eq "32") {
-        $platform_suffix = ""
-    } else {
-        $platform_suffix = "amd64"
-    }
-    $installer_path = DownloadPython $python_version $platform_suffix
-    $installer_ext = [System.IO.Path]::GetExtension($installer_path)
-    Write-Host "Installing $installer_path to $python_home"
-    $install_log = $python_home + ".log"
-    if ($installer_ext -eq '.msi') {
-        InstallPythonMSI $installer_path $python_home $install_log
-    } else {
-        InstallPythonEXE $installer_path $python_home $install_log
-    }
-    if (Test-Path $python_home) {
-        Write-Host "Python $python_version ($architecture) installation complete"
-    } else {
-        Write-Host "Failed to install Python in $python_home"
-        Get-Content -Path $install_log
-        Exit 1
-    }
-}
-
-
-function InstallPythonEXE ($exepath, $python_home, $install_log) {
-    $install_args = "/quiet InstallAllUsers=1 TargetDir=$python_home"
-    RunCommand $exepath $install_args
-}
-
-
-function InstallPythonMSI ($msipath, $python_home, $install_log) {
-    $install_args = "/qn /log $install_log /i $msipath TARGETDIR=$python_home"
-    $uninstall_args = "/qn /x $msipath"
-    RunCommand "msiexec.exe" $install_args
-    if (-not(Test-Path $python_home)) {
-        Write-Host "Python seems to be installed else-where, reinstalling."
-        RunCommand "msiexec.exe" $uninstall_args
-        RunCommand "msiexec.exe" $install_args
-    }
-}
-
-function RunCommand ($command, $command_args) {
-    Write-Host $command $command_args
-    Start-Process -FilePath $command -ArgumentList $command_args -Wait -Passthru
-}
-
-
-function InstallPip ($python_home) {
-    $pip_path = $python_home + "\Scripts\pip.exe"
-    $python_path = $python_home + "\python.exe"
-    if (-not(Test-Path $pip_path)) {
-        Write-Host "Installing pip..."
-        $webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
-        $webclient.DownloadFile($GET_PIP_URL, $GET_PIP_PATH)
-        Write-Host "Executing:" $python_path $GET_PIP_PATH
-        & $python_path $GET_PIP_PATH
-    } else {
-        Write-Host "pip already installed."
-    }
-}
-
-
-function DownloadMiniconda ($python_version, $platform_suffix) {
-    if ($python_version -eq "3.4") {
-        $filename = "Miniconda3-3.5.5-Windows-" + $platform_suffix + ".exe"
-    } else {
-        $filename = "Miniconda-3.5.5-Windows-" + $platform_suffix + ".exe"
-    }
-    $url = $MINICONDA_URL + $filename
-    $filepath = Download $filename $url
-    return $filepath
-}
-
-
-function InstallMiniconda ($python_version, $architecture, $python_home) {
-    Write-Host "Installing Python" $python_version "for" $architecture "bit architecture to" $python_home
-    if (Test-Path $python_home) {
-        Write-Host $python_home "already exists, skipping."
-        return $false
-    }
-    if ($architecture -eq "32") {
-        $platform_suffix = "x86"
-    } else {
-        $platform_suffix = "x86_64"
-    }
-    $filepath = DownloadMiniconda $python_version $platform_suffix
-    Write-Host "Installing" $filepath "to" $python_home
-    $install_log = $python_home + ".log"
-    $args = "/S /D=$python_home"
-    Write-Host $filepath $args
-    Start-Process -FilePath $filepath -ArgumentList $args -Wait -Passthru
-    if (Test-Path $python_home) {
-        Write-Host "Python $python_version ($architecture) installation complete"
-    } else {
-        Write-Host "Failed to install Python in $python_home"
-        Get-Content -Path $install_log
-        Exit 1
-    }
-}
-
-
-function InstallMinicondaPip ($python_home) {
-    $pip_path = $python_home + "\Scripts\pip.exe"
-    $conda_path = $python_home + "\Scripts\conda.exe"
-    if (-not(Test-Path $pip_path)) {
-        Write-Host "Installing pip..."
-        $args = "install --yes pip"
-        Write-Host $conda_path $args
-        Start-Process -FilePath "$conda_path" -ArgumentList $args -Wait -Passthru
-    } else {
-        Write-Host "pip already installed."
-    }
-}
-
-function main () {
-    InstallPython $env:PYTHON_VERSION $env:PYTHON_ARCH $env:PYTHON
-    InstallPip $env:PYTHON
-}
-
-main

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# AppVeyor.yml from https://github.com/ogrisel/python-appveyor-demo
-# License: CC0 1.0 Universal: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
-
-build: off
-
-environment:
-  matrix:
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python27-x64"
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "2.7.x"
-      PYTHON_ARCH: "64"
-      TOXENV: "py27"
-
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python34-x64"
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.4.x"
-      PYTHON_ARCH: "64"
-      TOXENV: "py34"
-
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python35-x64"
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.5.x"
-      PYTHON_ARCH: "64"
-      TOXENV: "py35"
-
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python36-x64"
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.6.x"
-      PYTHON_ARCH: "64"
-      TOXENV: "py36"
-
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python37-x64"
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.7.x"
-      PYTHON_ARCH: "64"
-      TOXENV: "py37"
-
-install:
-  # Install Python (from the official .msi of https://www.python.org/) and pip when
-  # not already installed.
-  - ps: if (-not(Test-Path($env:PYTHON))) { & _appveyor\install.ps1 }
-
-  # Prepend newly installed Python to the PATH of this build (this cannot be
-  # done from inside the powershell script as it would require to restart
-  # the parent CMD process).
-  - "SET PATH=%PYTHON%;%PYTHON%\\Scripts;%PATH%"
-
-  # Check that we have the expected version and architecture for Python
-  - "python --version"
-  - "python -c \"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\""
-
-  # Upgrade to the latest version of pip to avoid it displaying warnings
-  # about it being out of date.
-  - "python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel"
-  - "C:\\MinGW\\bin\\mingw32-make"
-  - "pipenv install -e .[socks] --skip-lock"
-
-test_script:
-  - "C:\\MinGW\\bin\\mingw32-make coverage"
-
-on_success:
-  - "pipenv run codecov -f coverage.xml"

docs/_static/custom.css

@@ -1,177 +1,12 @@
-body > div.document > div.sphinxsidebar > div > form > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(2) > td > select {
-  width: 100%!important;
-}
-
-#python27 > a {
-  color: white;
-}
-
-/* Carbon by BuySellAds */
-#carbonads {
-  display: block;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  margin: 1.5em 0 2em;
-  padding: 1em;
-  border: solid 1px #cccccc;
-  border-radius: 2px;
-  background-color: #eeeeee;
-  text-align: center;
-  line-height: 1.5;
-}
-
-#carbonads a {
-  border-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-#carbonads span {
-  display: block;
-  overflow: hidden;
-}
-
-.carbon-img {
-  display: block;
-  margin: 0 auto 1em;
-  text-align: center;
-}
-
-.carbon-text {
-  display: block;
-  margin-bottom: 1em;
-}
-
-.carbon-poweredby {
-  display: block;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  letter-spacing: 1px;
-  font-size: 10px;
-  line-height: 1;
-}
-
-
-/* Native CPC by BuySellAds */
-
-#native-ribbon #_custom_ {
-  position: fixed;
-  right: 0;
-  bottom: 0;
-  left: 0;
-  box-shadow: 0 -1px 4px 1px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, .15);
-  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu,
-    Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
-  transition: all .25s ease-in-out;
-  transform: translateY(calc(100% - 35px));
-
-  flex-flow: column nowrap;
-}
-
-#native-ribbon #_custom_:hover {
-  transform: translateY(0);
-}
-
-.native-img {
-  margin-right: 20px;
-  max-height: 50px;
-  border-radius: 3px;
-}
-
-.native-sponsor {
-  margin: 10px 20px;
-  text-align: center;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  letter-spacing: .5px;
-  font-size: 12px;
-  transition: all .3s ease-in-out;
-  transform-origin: left;
-}
-
-#native-ribbon #_custom_:hover .native-sponsor {
-  margin: 0 20px;
-  opacity: 0;
-  transform: scaleY(0);
-}
-
-.native-flex {
-  display: flex;
-  padding: 10px 20px 25px;
-  text-decoration: none;
-
-  flex-flow: row nowrap;
-  justify-content: center;
-  align-items: center;
-}
-
-.native-main {
-  display: flex;
-
-  flex-flow: row nowrap;
-  align-items: center;
-}
-
-.native-details {
-  display: flex;
-  margin-right: 30px;
-
-  flex-flow: column nowrap;
-}
-
-.native-company {
-  margin-bottom: 4px;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  letter-spacing: 2px;
-  font-size: 10px;
-}
-
-.native-desc {
-  letter-spacing: 1px;
-  font-weight: 300;
-  font-size: 14px;
-  line-height: 1.4;
-}
-
-.native-cta {
-  padding: 10px 14px;
-  border-radius: 3px;
-  box-shadow: 0 6px 13px 0 hsla(0, 0%, 0%, .15);
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  white-space: nowrap;
-  letter-spacing: 1px;
-  font-weight: 400;
-  font-size: 12px;
-  transition: all .3s ease-in-out;
-  transform: translateY(-1px);
-}
-
-.native-cta:hover {
-  box-shadow: none;
-  transform: translateY(1px);
-}
-
-@media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 759px) {
-  .native-flex {
-    padding: 5px 5px 15px;
-    flex-direction: column;
-
-    flex-wrap: wrap;
-  }
-
-  .native-img {
-    margin: 0;
-    display: none;
-  }
-
-  .native-details {
-    margin: 0;
-  }
-
-  .native-main {
-    flex-direction: column;
-    text-align: left;
-
-    flex-wrap: wrap;
-    align-content: center;
-  }
-
-  .native-cta {
-    display: none;
-  }
+img.logo {margin-left: -20px!important;}
+
+div#searchbox h3 {text-transform: capitalize;}
+
+div.document {width: 1008px;}
+
+div.highlight pre {padding: 11px 14px;}
+
+@media screen and (max-width: 1008px) {
+  div.document {width: 100%!important;}
+  div.highlight pre {margin-right: -30px;}
 }

docs/_static/konami.js

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Konami-JS ~
- * :: Now with support for touch events and multiple instances for
- * :: those situations that call for multiple easter eggs!
- * Code: http://konami-js.googlecode.com/
- * Examples: http://www.snaptortoise.com/konami-js
- * Copyright (c) 2009 George Mandis (georgemandis.com, snaptortoise.com)
- * Version: 1.4.2 (9/2/2013)
- * Licensed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
- * Tested in: Safari 4+, Google Chrome 4+, Firefox 3+, IE7+, Mobile Safari 2.2.1 and Dolphin Browser
- */
-
-var Konami = function (callback) {
-	var konami = {
-		addEvent: function (obj, type, fn, ref_obj) {
-			if (obj.addEventListener)
-				obj.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
-			else if (obj.attachEvent) {
-				// IE
-				obj["e" + type + fn] = fn;
-				obj[type + fn] = function () {
-					obj["e" + type + fn](window.event, ref_obj);
-				};
-				obj.attachEvent("on" + type, obj[type + fn]);
-			}
-		},
-		input: "",
-		pattern: "38384040373937396665",
-		load: function (link) {
-			this.addEvent(document, "keydown", function (e, ref_obj) {
-				if (ref_obj) konami = ref_obj; // IE
-				konami.input += e ? e.keyCode : event.keyCode;
-				if (konami.input.length > konami.pattern.length)
-					konami.input = konami.input.substr((konami.input.length - konami.pattern.length));
-				if (konami.input == konami.pattern) {
-					konami.code(link);
-					konami.input = "";
-					e.preventDefault();
-					return false;
-				}
-			}, this);
-			this.iphone.load(link);
-		},
-		code: function (link) {
-			window.location = link
-		},
-		iphone: {
-			start_x: 0,
-			start_y: 0,
-			stop_x: 0,
-			stop_y: 0,
-			tapTolerance: 8,
-			capture: false,
-			orig_keys: "",
-			keys: ["UP", "UP", "DOWN", "DOWN", "LEFT", "RIGHT", "LEFT", "RIGHT", "TAP", "TAP"],
-			code: function (link) {
-				konami.code(link);
-			},
-      touchCapture: function(evt) {
-				konami.iphone.start_x = evt.changedTouches[0].pageX;
-				konami.iphone.start_y = evt.changedTouches[0].pageY;
-				konami.iphone.capture = true;        
-      },
-			load: function (link) {
-				this.orig_keys = this.keys;
-				konami.addEvent(document, "touchmove", function (e) {
-					if (e.touches.length == 1 && konami.iphone.capture == true) {
-						var touch = e.touches[0];
-						konami.iphone.stop_x = touch.pageX;
-						konami.iphone.stop_y = touch.pageY;
-						konami.iphone.check_direction();
-					}
-				});
-				konami.addEvent(document, "touchend", function (evt) {
-					konami.touchCapture(evt);
-					konami.iphone.check_direction(link);
-				}, false);
-				konami.addEvent(document, "touchstart", function (evt) {
-					konami.touchCapture(evt);
-				});
-			},
-			check_direction: function (link) {
-				var x_magnitude = Math.abs(this.start_x - this.stop_x);
-				var y_magnitude = Math.abs(this.start_y - this.stop_y);
-				var hasMoved = (x_magnitude > this.tapTolerance || y_magnitude > this.tapTolerance);
-				var result;
-				if (this.capture === true && hasMoved) {
-					this.capture = false;
-					var x = ((this.start_x - this.stop_x) < 0) ? "RIGHT" : "LEFT";
-					var y = ((this.start_y - this.stop_y) < 0) ? "DOWN" : "UP";
-					var result = (x_magnitude > y_magnitude) ? x : y;
-				}
-				else if (this.capture === false && !hasMoved) {
-					result = (this.tap == true) ? "TAP" : result;
-					result = "TAP";
-				}
-				if (result) {
-					if (result == this.keys[0]) this.keys = this.keys.slice(1, this.keys.length);
-					else this.keys = this.orig_keys;
-				}
-				if (this.keys.length == 0) {
-					this.keys = this.orig_keys;
-					this.code(link);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	typeof callback === "string" && konami.load(callback);
-	if (typeof callback === "function") {
-		konami.code = callback;
-		konami.load();
-	}
-
-	return konami;
-};

docs/_templates/hacks.html

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-<!-- Alabaster (krTheme++) Hacks -->
-
-<!-- CSS Adjustments (I'm very picky.) -->
-<style type="text/css">
-
-  /* Rezzy requires precise alignment. */
-  img.logo {margin-left: -20px!important;}
-
-  /* "Quick Search" should be capitalized. */
-  div#searchbox h3 {text-transform: capitalize;}
-
-  /* Make the document a little wider, less code is cut-off. */
-  div.document {width: 1008px;}
-
-  /* Much-improved spacing around code blocks. */
-  div.highlight pre {padding: 11px 14px;}
-
-  /* Remain Responsive! */
-  @media screen and (max-width: 1008px) {
-    div.sphinxsidebar {display: none;}
-    div.document {width: 100%!important;}
-
-    /* Have code blocks escape the document right-margin. */
-    div.highlight pre {margin-right: -30px;}
-  }
-
-</style>
-
-
-<!-- Analytics tracking for Kenneth. -->
-<script type="text/javascript">
-  var _gauges = _gauges || [];
-  (function() {
-    var t   = document.createElement('script');
-    t.type  = 'text/javascript';
-    t.async = true;
-    t.id    = 'gauges-tracker';
-    t.setAttribute('data-site-id', '56ca7a57c88d9011080024dd');
-    t.setAttribute('data-track-path', 'https://track.gaug.es/track.gif');
-    t.src = 'https://d36ee2fcip1434.cloudfront.net/track.js';
-    var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
-    s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s);
-  })();
-</script>
-
-
-<!-- There are no more hacks. -->
-<!--         இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ—         -->
-<!--   Love, Kenneth Reitz    -->
-
-<script src="{{ pathto('_static/', 1) }}/konami.js"></script>
-<script>
-  var easter_egg = new Konami('http://fortunes.herokuapp.com/random/raw');
-</script>
-
-<!-- That was not a hack. That was art. -->
-
-<!-- Native CPC by BuySellAds -->
-
-<script type="text/javascript" src="//m.servedby-buysellads.com/monetization.js"></script>
-
-<div id="native-ribbon">
-</div>
-
-<script>
-_bsa.init('custom', 'CK7D62JU', 'placement:pythonrequestsorg',
-    {
-      target: '#native-ribbon',
-      template: `
-<div class="native-sponsor">Sponsored by ##company## — Learn More</div>
-  <a href="##link##" class="native-flex">
-    <style>
-    #native-ribbon #_custom_ {
-      background: linear-gradient(-30deg, ##backgroundColor##E5, ##backgroundColor##E5 45%, ##backgroundColor## 45%) #fff;
-    }
-
-    .native-details,
-    .native-sponsor,
-    .native-bsa {
-      color: ##textColor## !important;
-    }
-
-    .native-details:hover {
-      color: ##textColorHover## !important;
-    }
-
-    .native-cta {
-      color: ##ctaTextColor##;
-      background-color: ##ctaBackgroundColor##;
-    }
-
-    .native-cta:hover {
-      color: ##ctaTextColorHover##;
-      background-color: ##ctaBackgroundColorHover##;
-    }
-    </style>
-    <div class="native-main">
-      <img class="native-img" src="##logo##">
-      <div class="native-details">
-        <span class="native-company">##title##</span>
-        <span class="native-desc">##description##</span>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <span class="native-cta">##callToAction##</span>
-  </a>
-</div>
-`
-    }
-  );
-</script>

docs/_templates/sidebar.html

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<p class="logo">
+  <a href="{{ pathto(root_doc) }}">
+    <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/requests-sidebar.png', 1) }}" alt="{{ _('Requests logo') }}" />
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=psf&repo=requests&type=watch&count=true&size=large"
+    allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200px" height="35px"></iframe>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  {{ _('Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.') }}
+</p>
+
+<h3>{{ _('Useful Links') }}</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto('user/quickstart') }}">{{ _('Quickstart') }}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto('user/advanced') }}">{{ _('Advanced Usage') }}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto('api') }}">{{ _('API Reference') }}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto('community/updates') + '#release-history' }}">{{ _('Release History') }}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto('dev/contributing') }}">{{ _('Contributors Guide') }}</a></li>
+
+  <p></p>
+
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto('community/recommended') }}">{{ _('Recommended Packages and Extensions') }}</a></li>
+
+  <p></p>
+
+  <li><a href="https://github.com/psf/requests">{{ _('Requests @ GitHub') }}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/requests/">{{ _('Requests @ PyPI') }}</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://github.com/psf/requests/issues">{{ _('Issue Tracker') }}</a></li>
+</ul>

docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-<p class="logo">
-  <a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
-    <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/requests-sidebar.jpg', 1) }}" title="https://kennethreitz.org/tattoos" />
-  </a>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-  <iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=psf&repo=requests&type=watch&count=true&size=large"
-    allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200px" height="35px"></iframe>
-</p>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.css" />
-<style>
-  .algolia-autocomplete {
-    width: 100%;
-    height: 1.5em
-  }
-
-  .algolia-autocomplete a {
-    border-bottom: none !important;
-  }
-
-  #doc_search {
-    width: 100%;
-    height: 100%;
-  }
-</style>
-<input id="doc_search" placeholder="Search the doc" autofocus />
-<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js" onload="docsearch({
-  apiKey: 'f177061e2354c50a97bfc635e827ffab',
-  indexName: 'python-requests',
-  inputSelector: '#doc_search',
-  debug: false // Set debug to true if you want to inspect the dropdown
-})" async></script>
-
-<p>
-  Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for
-  human beings.
-</p>
-<p>Sponsored by <strong><a href="https://www.govcert.lu">CERT Gouvernemental - GOVCERT.LU</a></strong>.</p>
-
-<script async type="text/javascript"
-  src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=CKYI5K3E&placement=pythonrequestsorg"
-  id="_carbonads_js"></script>
-
-<h3>Stay Informed</h3>
-<p>Receive updates on new releases and upcoming projects.</p>
-
-<p><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&type=follow&count=false" allowtransparency="true"
-    frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200" height="20"></iframe></p>
-
-<h3>Useful Links</h3>
-<ul>
-  <li><a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/community/recommended/">Recommended Packages and Extensions</a>
-  </li>
-
-  <p></p>
-
-  <li><a href="https://github.com/psf/requests">Requests @ GitHub</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/requests/">Requests @ PyPI</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://github.com/psf/requests/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/community/updates/#software-updates">Release History</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<h3>Translations</h3>
-
-<ul>
-  <li><a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/">English</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://fr.python-requests.org/">French</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://de.python-requests.org/">German</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://jp.python-requests.org/">Japanese</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://cn.python-requests.org/">Chinese</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://pt.python-requests.org/">Portuguese</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://it.python-requests.org/">Italian</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://es.python-requests.org/">Spanish</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<div id="native-ribbon">
-</div>

docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-<p class="logo">
-  <a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
-    <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/requests-sidebar.jpg', 1) }}" title="https://kennethreitz.org/tattoos" />
-  </a>
-</p>
-<p>
-  <iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=psf&repo=requests&type=watch&count=true&size=large"
-    allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200px" height="35px"></iframe>
-</p>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.css" />
-<style>
-  .algolia-autocomplete {
-    width: 100%;
-    height: 1.5em
-  }
-
-  .algolia-autocomplete a {
-    border-bottom: none !important;
-  }
-
-  #doc_search {
-    width: 100%;
-    height: 100%;
-  }
-</style>
-<input id="doc_search" placeholder="Search the doc" autofocus />
-<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js" onload="docsearch({
-  apiKey: 'f177061e2354c50a97bfc635e827ffab',
-  indexName: 'python-requests',
-  inputSelector: '#doc_search',
-  debug: false // Set debug to true if you want to inspect the dropdown
-})" async></script>
-
-<p>
-  Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for
-  human beings. You are currently looking at the documentation of the
-  development release.
-</p>
-
-<p<p>Sponsored by <strong><a href="https://www.govcert.lu">CERT Gouvernemental - GOVCERT.LU</a></strong>.</p>
-
-  <h3>Stay Informed</h3>
-  <p>Receive updates on new releases and upcoming projects.</p>
-
-  <p><a href="https://tinyletter.com/kennethreitz">Join Mailing List</a>.</p>
-
-  <hr />
-
-  <script async type="text/javascript"
-    src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=C6AILKT&placement=pythonrequestsorg"
-    id="_carbonads_js"></script>
-
-
-  <h3>Translations</h3>
-
-  <ul>
-    <li><a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/">English</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://fr.python-requests.org/">French</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://de.python-requests.org/">German</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://jp.python-requests.org/">Japanese</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://cn.python-requests.org/">Chinese</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://pt.python-requests.org/">Portuguese</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://it.python-requests.org/">Italian</a></li>
-    <li><a href="https://es.python-requests.org/">Spanish</a></li>
-  </ul>

docs/api.rst

@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ Exceptions
 .. autoexception:: requests.RequestException
 .. autoexception:: requests.ConnectionError
 .. autoexception:: requests.HTTPError
-.. autoexception:: requests.URLRequired
 .. autoexception:: requests.TooManyRedirects
 .. autoexception:: requests.ConnectTimeout
 .. autoexception:: requests.ReadTimeout
 .. autoexception:: requests.Timeout
+.. autoexception:: requests.JSONDecodeError
 
 
 Request Sessions
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ Lower-Level Classes
 
 .. autoclass:: Response
    :inherited-members:
+   :exclude-members: is_permanent_redirect
 
 
 Lower-Lower-Level Classes
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ API Changes
   ::
 
       import requests
-      r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
+      r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
       r.json()   # This *call* raises an exception if JSON decoding fails
 
 * The ``Session`` API has changed. Sessions objects no longer take parameters.
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ API Changes
   ::
 
       # in 0.x, passing prefetch=False would accomplish the same thing
-      r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json', stream=True)
+      r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)
       for chunk in r.iter_content(8192):
           ...
 

docs/community/faq.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 Frequently Asked Questions
 ==========================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4290/35294660055_42c02b2316_k_d.jpg
-
 This part of the documentation answers common questions about Requests.
 
 Encoded Data?
@@ -13,6 +11,9 @@ Encoded Data?
 Requests automatically decompresses gzip-encoded responses, and does
 its best to decode response content to unicode when possible.
 
+When either the `brotli <https://pypi.org/project/Brotli/>`_ or `brotlicffi <https://pypi.org/project/brotlicffi/>`_
+package is installed, requests also decodes Brotli-encoded responses.
+
 You can get direct access to the raw response (and even the socket),
 if needed as well.
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ Custom User-Agents?
 -------------------
 
 Requests allows you to easily override User-Agent strings, along with
-any other HTTP Header. See `documentation about headers <https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/user/quickstart/#custom-headers>`_.
+any other HTTP Header. See :ref:`documentation about headers <custom-headers>`.
 
 
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ Chris Adams gave an excellent summary on
     for, oh, about 0.0001% of the awesomeness.
 
     1. http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/issues/detail?id=96 is a good example:
-    an annoying bug which affect many people, there was a fix available for
+    an annoying bug that affected many people, there was a fix available for
     months, which worked great when I applied it in a fork and pounded a couple
     TB of data through it, but it took over a year to make it into trunk and
     even longer to make it onto PyPI where any other project which required "
@@ -54,19 +55,18 @@ Chris Adams gave an excellent summary on
 Python 3 Support?
 -----------------
 
-Yes! Requests officially supports Python 2.7 & 3.5+ and PyPy.
+Yes! Requests supports all `officially supported versions of Python <https://devguide.python.org/versions/>`_
+and recent releases of PyPy.
 
 Python 2 Support?
 -----------------
 
-Yes! We do not have immediate plans to `sunset
-<https://www.python.org/doc/sunset-python-2/>`_ our support for Python
-2.7. We understand that we have a large user base with varying needs,
-and intend to maintain Python 2.7 support within Requests until `pip
-stops supporting Python 2.7 (there's no estimated date on that yet)
-<https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support>`_.
+No! As of Requests 2.28.0, Requests no longer supports Python 2.7. Users who
+have been unable to migrate should pin to `requests<2.28`. Full information
+can be found in `psf/requests#6023 <https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/6023>`_.
 
-That said, it is *highly* recommended users migrate to Python 3.5+ since Python 2.7 will no longer be receiving bug fixes or security updates after January 1, 2020.
+It is *highly* recommended users migrate to a supported Python 3.x version now since
+Python 2.7 is no longer receiving bug fixes or security updates as of January 1, 2020.
 
 What are "hostname doesn't match" errors?
 -----------------------------------------
@@ -84,10 +84,7 @@ when servers are using `Virtual Hosting`_. When such servers are hosting
 more than one SSL site they need to be able to return the appropriate
 certificate based on the hostname the client is connecting to.
 
-Python3 and Python 2.7.9+ include native support for SNI in their SSL modules.
-For information on using SNI with Requests on Python < 2.7.9 refer to this
-`Stack Overflow answer`_.
+Python 3 already includes native support for SNI in their SSL modules.
 
 .. _`Server-Name-Indication`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
 .. _`virtual hosting`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting
-.. _`Stack Overflow answer`: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18578439/using-requests-with-tls-doesnt-give-sni-support/18579484#18579484

docs/community/out-there.rst

@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
 Integrations
 ============
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4239/34450900674_15863ddea0_k_d.jpg
-
-Python for iOS
---------------
-
-Requests is built into the wonderful `Python for iOS <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/python-2.7-for-ios/id485729872?mt=Python8>`_ runtime!
-
-To give it a try, simply::
-
-    import requests
-
-
 Articles & Talks
 ================
-- `Python for the Web <https://www.gun.io/blog/python-for-the-web>`_ teaches how to use Python to interact with the web, using Requests.
 - `Daniel Greenfeld's Review of Requests <https://pydanny.blogspot.com/2011/05/python-http-requests-for-humans.html>`_
-- `My 'Python for Humans' talk <http://python-for-humans.heroku.com>`_ ( `audio <https://codeconf.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pycodeconf/talks/PyCodeConf2011%20-%20Kenneth%20Reitz.m4a>`_ )
-- `Issac Kelly's 'Consuming Web APIs' talk <https://issackelly.github.com/Consuming-Web-APIs-with-Python-Talk/slides/slides.html>`_
+- `Issac Kelly's 'Consuming Web APIs' talk <https://issackelly.github.io/Consuming-Web-APIs-with-Python-Talk/slides/slides.html>`_
 - `Blog post about Requests via Yum <https://arunsag.wordpress.com/2011/08/17/new-package-python-requests-http-for-humans/>`_
 - `Russian blog post introducing Requests <https://habr.com/post/126262/>`_
 - `Sending JSON in Requests <http://www.coglib.com/~icordasc/blog/2014/11/sending-json-in-requests.html>`_

docs/community/recommended.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 Recommended Packages and Extensions
 ===================================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4218/35224319272_cfc0e621fb_k_d.jpg
-
 Requests has a great variety of powerful and useful third-party extensions.
 This page provides an overview of some of the best of them.
 
@@ -61,4 +59,4 @@ Betamax
 `Betamax`_ records your HTTP interactions so the NSA does not have to.
 A VCR imitation designed only for Python-Requests.
 
-.. _betamax: https://github.com/sigmavirus24/betamax
+.. _betamax: https://github.com/betamaxpy/betamax

docs/community/release-process.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 Release Process and Rules
 =========================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4215/34450901614_b74ae720db_k_d.jpg
-
 .. versionadded:: v2.6.2
 
 Starting with the version to be released after ``v2.6.2``, the following rules

docs/community/support.rst

@@ -3,26 +3,16 @@
 Support
 =======
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4198/34080352913_5c13ffb336_k_d.jpg
-
 If you have questions or issues about Requests, there are several options:
 
 Stack Overflow
--------------
+--------------
 
 If your question does not contain sensitive (possibly proprietary)
 information or can be properly anonymized, please ask a question on
 `Stack Overflow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python-requests>`_
 and use the tag ``python-requests``.
 
-Send a Tweet
-------------
-
-If your question is less than 280 characters, feel free to send a tweet to
-`@kennethreitz <https://twitter.com/kennethreitz>`_,
-`@sigmavirus24 <https://twitter.com/sigmavirus24>`_,
-`@lukasaoz <https://twitter.com/lukasaoz>`_, or
-`@nateprewitt <https://twitter.com/nateprewitt>`_.
 
 File an Issue
 -------------
@@ -32,23 +22,10 @@ for a new feature,
 `file an issue on GitHub <https://github.com/psf/requests/issues>`_.
 
 
-E-mail
-------
+Send a Tweet
+------------
 
-I'm more than happy to answer any personal or in-depth questions about
-Requests. Feel free to email
-`requests@kennethreitz.com <mailto:requests@kennethreitz.com>`_.
-
-
-IRC
----
-
-The official Freenode channel for Requests is
-`#python-requests <irc://irc.freenode.net/python-requests>`_
-
-The core developers of requests are on IRC throughout the day.
-You can find them in ``#python-requests`` as:
-
-- kennethreitz
-- lukasa
-- sigmavirus24
+If your question is less than 280 characters, feel free to send a tweet to
+`@nateprewitt <https://twitter.com/nateprewitt>`_,
+`@sethmlarson <https://twitter.com/sethmlarson>`_, or
+`@sigmavirus24 <https://twitter.com/sigmavirus24>`_.

docs/community/updates.rst

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 Community Updates
 =================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4244/34080354873_516c283ad0_k_d.jpg
-
 If you'd like to stay up to date on the community and development of Requests,
 there are several options:
 
@@ -16,16 +14,5 @@ GitHub
 The best way to track the development of Requests is through
 `the GitHub repo <https://github.com/psf/requests>`_.
 
-Twitter
--------
-
-The author, Kenneth Reitz, often tweets about new features and releases of Requests.
-
-Follow `@kennethreitz <https://twitter.com/kennethreitz>`_ for updates.
-
-
-
-Release and Version History
-===========================
 
 .. include:: ../../HISTORY.md

docs/community/vulnerabilities.rst

@@ -1,112 +1,5 @@
 Vulnerability Disclosure
 ========================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4211/34709353644_b041e9e1c2_k_d.jpg
-
-If you think you have found a potential security vulnerability in requests,
-please email `Nate <mailto:nate.prewitt@gmail.com>`_ and `Seth <mailto:@sethmichaellarson@gmail.com>`_ directly. **Do not file a public issue.**
-
-Our PGP Key fingerprints are:
-
-- 8722 7E29 AD9C FF5C FAC3  EA6A 44D3 FF97 B80D C864 (`@nateprewitt <https://keybase.io/nateprewitt>`_)
-
-- EDD5 6765 A9D8 4653 CBC8  A134 51B0 6736 1740 F5FC (`@sethmlarson <https://keybase.io/sethmlarson>`_)
-
-You can also contact us on `Keybase <https://keybase.io/>`_ with the
-profiles above if desired.
-
-If English is not your first language, please try to describe the problem and
-its impact to the best of your ability. For greater detail, please use your
-native language and we will try our best to translate it using online services.
-
-Please also include the code you used to find the problem and the shortest
-amount of code necessary to reproduce it.
-
-Please do not disclose this to anyone else. We will retrieve a CVE identifier
-if necessary and give you full credit under whatever name or alias you provide.
-We will only request an identifier when we have a fix and can publish it in a
-release.
-
-We will respect your privacy and will only publicize your involvement if you
-grant us permission.
-
-Process
--------
-
-This following information discusses the process the requests project follows
-in response to vulnerability disclosures. If you are disclosing a
-vulnerability, this section of the documentation lets you know how we will
-respond to your disclosure.
-
-Timeline
-~~~~~~~~
-
-When you report an issue, one of the project members will respond to you within
-two days *at the outside*. In most cases responses will be faster, usually
-within 12 hours. This initial response will at the very least confirm receipt
-of the report.
-
-If we were able to rapidly reproduce the issue, the initial response will also
-contain confirmation of the issue. If we are not, we will often ask for more
-information about the reproduction scenario.
-
-Our goal is to have a fix for any vulnerability released within two weeks of
-the initial disclosure. This may potentially involve shipping an interim
-release that simply disables function while a more mature fix can be prepared,
-but will in the vast majority of cases mean shipping a complete release as soon
-as possible.
-
-Throughout the fix process we will keep you up to speed with how the fix is
-progressing. Once the fix is prepared, we will notify you that we believe we
-have a fix. Often we will ask you to confirm the fix resolves the problem in
-your environment, especially if we are not confident of our reproduction
-scenario.
-
-At this point, we will prepare for the release. We will obtain a CVE number
-if one is required, providing you with full credit for the discovery. We will
-also decide on a planned release date, and let you know when it is. This
-release date will *always* be on a weekday.
-
-At this point we will reach out to our major downstream packagers to notify
-them of an impending security-related patch so they can make arrangements. In
-addition, these packagers will be provided with the intended patch ahead of
-time, to ensure that they are able to promptly release their downstream
-packages. Currently the list of people we actively contact *ahead of a public
-release* is:
-
-- Jeremy Cline, Red Hat (@jeremycline)
-- Daniele Tricoli, Debian (@eriol)
-
-We will notify these individuals at least a week ahead of our planned release
-date to ensure that they have sufficient time to prepare. If you believe you
-should be on this list, please let one of the maintainers know at one of the
-email addresses at the top of this article.
-
-On release day, we will push the patch to our public repository, along with an
-updated changelog that describes the issue and credits you. We will then issue
-a PyPI release containing the patch.
-
-At this point, we will publicise the release. This will involve mails to
-mailing lists, Tweets, and all other communication mechanisms available to the
-core team.
-
-We will also explicitly mention which commits contain the fix to make it easier
-for other distributors and users to easily patch their own versions of requests
-if upgrading is not an option.
-
-Previous CVEs
--------------
-
-- Fixed in 2.20.0
-  - `CVE 2018-18074 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-18074>`_
-
-- Fixed in 2.6.0
-
-  - `CVE 2015-2296 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2015-2296>`_,
-    reported by Matthew Daley of `BugFuzz <https://bugfuzz.com/>`_.
-
-- Fixed in 2.3.0
-
-  - `CVE 2014-1829 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2014-1829>`_
-
-  - `CVE 2014-1830 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2014-1830>`_
+The latest vulnerability disclosure information can be found on GitHub in our
+`Security Policy <https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/.github/SECURITY.md>`_.

docs/conf.py

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ source_suffix = ".rst"
 # source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = "index"
+root_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
 project = u"Requests"
-copyright = u'MMXVIX. A <a href="http://kennethreitz.com/pages/open-projects.html">Kenneth Reitz</a> Project'
+copyright = u"Kenneth Reitz and contributors"
 author = u"Kenneth Reitz"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ html_theme = "alabaster"
 # documentation.
 html_theme_options = {
     "show_powered_by": False,
-    "github_user": "requests",
+    "github_user": "psf",
     "github_repo": "requests",
     "github_banner": True,
     "show_related": False,
@@ -172,14 +172,13 @@ html_use_smartypants = False
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
 html_sidebars = {
-    "index": ["sidebarintro.html", "sourcelink.html", "searchbox.html", "hacks.html"],
+    "index": ["sidebar.html", "sourcelink.html", "searchbox.html"],
     "**": [
-        "sidebarlogo.html",
+        "sidebar.html",
         "localtoc.html",
         "relations.html",
         "sourcelink.html",
         "searchbox.html",
-        "hacks.html",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, "Requests.tex", u"Requests Documentation", u"Kenneth Reitz", "manual")
+    (root_doc, "Requests.tex", u"Requests Documentation", u"Kenneth Reitz", "manual")
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [(master_doc, "requests", u"Requests Documentation", [author], 1)]
+man_pages = [(root_doc, "requests", u"Requests Documentation", [author], 1)]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 # man_show_urls = False
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ man_pages = [(master_doc, "requests", u"Requests Documentation", [author], 1)]
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
     (
-        master_doc,
+        root_doc,
         "Requests",
         u"Requests Documentation",
         author,

docs/dev/authors.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 Authors
 =======
 
-.. image:: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/533ad9bde4b098d084a846b1/t/534f6e1ce4b09b70f38ee6c1/1432265542589/DSCF3147.jpg?format=2500w
-
 .. include:: ../../AUTHORS.rst

docs/dev/contributing.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 Contributor's Guide
 ===================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4237/35550408335_7671fde302_k_d.jpg
-
 If you're reading this, you're probably interested in contributing to Requests.
 Thank you very much! Open source projects live-and-die based on the support
 they receive from others, and the fact that you're even considering
@@ -13,36 +11,28 @@ contributing to the Requests project is *very* generous of you.
 This document lays out guidelines and advice for contributing to this project.
 If you're thinking of contributing, please start by reading this document and
 getting a feel for how contributing to this project works. If you have any
-questions, feel free to reach out to either `Ian Cordasco`_, `Cory Benfield`_,
-or `Nate Prewitt`_, the primary maintainers.
+questions, feel free to reach out to either `Nate Prewitt`_, `Ian Cordasco`_,
+or `Seth Michael Larson`_, the primary maintainers.
 
 .. _Ian Cordasco: http://www.coglib.com/~icordasc/
-.. _Cory Benfield: https://lukasa.co.uk/about
 .. _Nate Prewitt: https://www.nateprewitt.com/
-
-If you have non-technical feedback, philosophical ponderings, crazy ideas, or
-other general thoughts about Requests or its position within the Python
-ecosystem, the BDFL, `Kenneth Reitz`_, would love to hear from you.
+.. _Seth Michael Larson: https://sethmlarson.dev/
 
 The guide is split into sections based on the type of contribution you're
 thinking of making, with a section that covers general guidelines for all
 contributors.
 
-.. _Kenneth Reitz: mailto:me@kennethreitz.org
+Code of Conduct
+---------------
 
-Be Cordial
-----------
+The Python community is made up of members from around the globe with a diverse
+set of skills, personalities, and experiences. It is through these differences
+that our community experiences great successes and continued growth. When you're
+working with members of the community, follow the
+`Python Software Foundation Code of Conduct`_ to help steer your interactions
+and keep Python a positive, successful, and growing community.
 
-    **Be cordial or be on your way**. *—Kenneth Reitz*
-
-Requests has one very important rule governing all forms of contribution,
-including reporting bugs or requesting features. This golden rule is
-"`be cordial or be on your way`_".
-
-**All contributions are welcome**, as long as
-everyone involved is treated with respect.
-
-.. _be cordial or be on your way: https://www.kennethreitz.org/essays/be-cordial-or-be-on-your-way
+.. _Python Software Foundation Code of Conduct: https://policies.python.org/python.org/code-of-conduct/
 
 .. _early-feedback:
 
@@ -86,7 +76,7 @@ When contributing code, you'll want to follow this checklist:
 4. Make your change.
 5. Run the entire test suite again, confirming that all tests pass *including
    the ones you just added*.
-6. Send a GitHub Pull Request to the main repository's ``master`` branch.
+6. Send a GitHub Pull Request to the main repository's ``main`` branch.
    GitHub Pull Requests are the expected method of code collaboration on this
    project.
 
@@ -101,6 +91,21 @@ event that you object to the code review feedback, you should make your case
 clearly and calmly. If, after doing so, the feedback is judged to still apply,
 you must either apply the feedback or withdraw your contribution.
 
+Code Style
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Requests uses a collection of tools to ensure the code base has a consistent
+style as it grows. We have these orchestrated using a tool called
+`pre-commit`_. This can be installed locally and run over your changes prior
+to opening a PR, and will also be run as part of the CI approval process
+before a change is merged.
+
+You can find the full list of formatting requirements specified in the
+`.pre-commit-config.yaml`_ at the top level directory of Requests.
+
+.. _pre-commit: https://pre-commit.com/
+.. _.pre-commit-config.yaml: https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+
 New Contributors
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -111,62 +116,6 @@ asking for help.
 
 Please also check the :ref:`early-feedback` section.
 
-Kenneth Reitz's Code Style™
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The Requests codebase uses the `PEP 8`_ code style.
-
-In addition to the standards outlined in PEP 8, we have a few guidelines:
-
-- Line-length can exceed 79 characters, to 100, when convenient.
-- Line-length can exceed 100 characters, when doing otherwise would be *terribly* inconvenient.
-- Always use single-quoted strings (e.g. ``'#flatearth'``), unless a single-quote occurs within the string.
-
-Additionally, one of the styles that PEP8 recommends for `line continuations`_
-completely lacks all sense of taste, and is not to be permitted within
-the Requests codebase::
-
-    # Aligned with opening delimiter.
-    foo = long_function_name(var_one, var_two,
-                             var_three, var_four)
-
-No. Just don't. Please. This is much better::
-
-    foo = long_function_name(
-        var_one,
-        var_two,
-        var_three,
-        var_four,
-    )
-
-Docstrings are to follow the following syntaxes::
-
-    def the_earth_is_flat():
-        """NASA divided up the seas into thirty-three degrees."""
-        pass
-
-::
-
-    def fibonacci_spiral_tool():
-        """With my feet upon the ground I lose myself / between the sounds
-        and open wide to suck it in. / I feel it move across my skin. / I'm
-        reaching up and reaching out. / I'm reaching for the random or
-        whatever will bewilder me. / Whatever will bewilder me. / And
-        following our will and wind we may just go where no one's been. /
-        We'll ride the spiral to the end and may just go where no one's
-        been.
-
-        Spiral out. Keep going...
-        """
-        pass
-
-All functions, methods, and classes are to contain docstrings. Object data
-model methods (e.g. ``__repr__``) are typically the exception to this rule.
-
-Thanks for helping to make the world a better place!
-
-.. _PEP 8: https://pep8.org/
-.. _line continuations: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#indentation
 
 Documentation Contributions
 ---------------------------

docs/dev/philosophy.rst

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-Development Philosophy
-======================
-
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4231/34484831073_636008a23d_k_d.jpg
-
-Requests is an open but opinionated library, created by an open but opinionated developer.
-
-
-Management Style
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-`Kenneth Reitz <https://www.kennethreitz.org/>`_ is the BDFL. He has final say in any decision related to the Requests project. Kenneth is responsible for the direction and form of the library, as well as its presentation. In addition to making decisions based on technical merit, he is responsible for making decisions based on the development philosophy of Requests.
-
-`Ian Cordasco <http://www.coglib.com/~icordasc/>`_, `Cory Benfield <https://lukasa.co.uk/about/>`_, and `Nate Prewitt <https://www.nateprewitt.com/>`_ are the core contributors. They are responsible for triaging bug reports, reviewing pull requests and ensuring that Kenneth is kept up to speed with developments around the library. The day-to-day managing of the project is done by the core contributors. They are responsible for making judgements about whether or not a feature request is likely to be accepted by Kenneth. Their word is, in some ways, more final than Kenneth's.
-
-Values
-~~~~~~
-
-- Simplicity is always better than functionality.
-- Listen to everyone, then disregard it.
-- The API is all that matters. Everything else is secondary.
-- Fit the 90% use-case. Ignore the nay-sayers.
-
-Semantic Versioning
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-For many years, the open source community has been plagued with version number dystonia. Numbers vary so greatly from project to project, they are practically meaningless.
-
-Requests uses `Semantic Versioning <https://semver.org/>`_. This specification seeks to put an end to this madness with a small set of practical guidelines for you and your colleagues to use in your next project.
-
-Standard Library?
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Requests has no *active* plans to be included in the standard library. This decision has been discussed at length with Guido as well as numerous core developers.
-
-.. raw:: html
-
-    <script async class="speakerdeck-embed" data-id="68f22f0841734d848315c618111b13ea" data-ratio="1.33333333333333" src="//speakerdeck.com/assets/embed.js"></script>
-
-Essentially, the standard library is where a library goes to die. It is appropriate for a module to be included when active development is no longer necessary.
-
-Linux Distro Packages
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Distributions have been made for many Linux repositories, including: Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL, and Arch.
-
-These distributions are sometimes divergent forks, or are otherwise not kept up-to-date with the latest code and bugfixes. PyPI (and its mirrors) and GitHub are the official distribution sources; alternatives are not supported by the Requests project.

docs/dev/todo.rst

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-How to Help
-===========
-
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4290/34450900104_bc1d424213_k_d.jpg
-
-Requests is under active development, and contributions are more than welcome!
-
-#. Check for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a bug.
-   There is a Contributor Friendly tag for issues that should be ideal for people who are not very
-   familiar with the codebase yet.
-#. Fork `the repository <https://github.com/psf/requests>`_ on GitHub and start making your
-   changes to a new branch.
-#. Write a test which shows that the bug was fixed.
-#. Send a pull request and bug the maintainer until it gets merged and published. :)
-   Make sure to add yourself to `AUTHORS <https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/master/AUTHORS.rst>`_.
-
-Feature Freeze
---------------
-
-As of v1.0.0, Requests has now entered a feature freeze. Requests for new
-features and Pull Requests implementing those features will not be accepted.
-
-Development Dependencies
-------------------------
-
-You'll need to install py.test in order to run the Requests' test suite::
-
-    $ venv .venv
-    $ source .venv/bin/activate
-
-    $ make
-    $ python setup.py test
-    ============================= test session starts ==============================
-    platform darwin -- Python 3.4.4, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0
-    ...
-    collected 445 items
-
-    tests/test_hooks.py ...
-    tests/test_lowlevel.py ............
-    tests/test_requests.py ...........................................................
-    tests/test_structures.py ....................
-    tests/test_testserver.py ...........
-    tests/test_utils.py ..s...........................................................
-
-    ============== 442 passed, 1 skipped, 2 xpassed in 46.48 seconds ===============
-
-You can also run ``$ make tests`` to run against all supported Python versions, using tox/detox.
-
-Runtime Environments
---------------------
-
-Requests currently supports the following versions of Python:
-
-- Python 2.7
-- Python 3.4
-- Python 3.5
-- Python 3.6
-- Python 3.7
-- PyPy
-
-Google AppEngine is not officially supported although support is available
-with the `Requests-Toolbelt`_.
-
-.. _Requests-Toolbelt: https://toolbelt.readthedocs.io/

docs/index.rst

@@ -9,17 +9,25 @@ Requests: HTTP for Humans™
 Release v\ |version|. (:ref:`Installation <install>`)
 
 
-.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/requests
-    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/requests
-    
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/requests.svg
-    :target: https://pypi.org/project/requests/
-
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/wheel/requests.svg
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/requests.svg?maxAge=86400
     :target: https://pypi.org/project/requests/
+    :alt: PyPI Version Badge
 
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/requests.svg
     :target: https://pypi.org/project/requests/
+    :alt: Supported Versions Badge
+
+.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/requests/month
+    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/requests
+    :alt: Downloads Per Month Badge
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/psf/requests.svg
+    :target: https://github.com/psf/requests/graphs/contributors
+    :alt: Contributors Badge
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/requests/badge/?version=latest
+    :target: https://requests.readthedocs.io
+    :alt: Documentation Badge
 
 **Requests** is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.
 
@@ -45,7 +53,7 @@ See `similar code, sans Requests <https://gist.github.com/973705>`_.
 **Requests** allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests extremely easily. 
 There's no need to manually add query strings to your
 URLs, or to form-encode your POST data. Keep-alive and HTTP connection pooling
-are 100% automatic, thanks to `urllib3 <https://github.com/shazow/urllib3>`_.
+are 100% automatic, thanks to `urllib3 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3>`_.
 
 Beloved Features
 ----------------
@@ -68,7 +76,7 @@ Requests is ready for today's web.
 - Chunked Requests
 - ``.netrc`` Support
 
-Requests officially supports Python 2.7 & 3.4–3.7, and runs great on PyPy.
+Requests officially supports Python 3.10+, and runs great on PyPy.
 
 
 The User Guide
@@ -81,7 +89,6 @@ instructions for getting the most out of Requests.
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   user/intro
    user/install
    user/quickstart
    user/advanced
@@ -97,15 +104,18 @@ Requests ecosystem and community.
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   community/sponsors
    community/recommended
    community/faq
    community/out-there
    community/support
    community/vulnerabilities
-   community/updates
    community/release-process
 
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   community/updates
+
 The API Documentation / Guide
 -----------------------------
 
@@ -128,8 +138,6 @@ you.
    :maxdepth: 3
 
    dev/contributing
-   dev/philosophy
-   dev/todo
    dev/authors
 
 There are no more guides. You are now guideless.

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Pinning to avoid unexpected breakages.
+# Used by RTD to generate docs.
+Sphinx==7.2.6

docs/user/advanced.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 Advanced Usage
 ==============
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4263/35163665790_d182d84f5e_k_d.jpg
-
 This document covers some of Requests more advanced features.
 
 .. _session-objects:
@@ -235,15 +233,22 @@ or persistent::
     s.verify = '/path/to/certfile'
 
 .. note:: If ``verify`` is set to a path to a directory, the directory must have been processed using
-  the c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL.
+  the ``c_rehash`` utility supplied with OpenSSL.
 
 This list of trusted CAs can also be specified through the ``REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE`` environment variable.
+If ``REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE`` is not set, ``CURL_CA_BUNDLE`` will be used as fallback.
 
 Requests can also ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set ``verify`` to False::
 
     >>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.org', verify=False)
     <Response [200]>
 
+Note that when ``verify`` is set to ``False``, requests will accept any TLS
+certificate presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches
+and/or expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to ``False`` may be useful
+during local development or testing.
+
 By default, ``verify`` is set to True. Option ``verify`` only applies to host certs.
 
 Client Side Certificates
@@ -286,7 +291,7 @@ versions of Requests.
 For the sake of security we recommend upgrading certifi frequently!
 
 .. _HTTP persistent connection: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_persistent_connection
-.. _connection pooling: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/index.html#module-urllib3.connectionpool
+.. _connection pooling: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/urllib3.connectionpool.html
 .. _certifi: https://certifiio.readthedocs.io/
 .. _Mozilla trust store: https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/raw-file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
 
@@ -300,7 +305,7 @@ immediately. You can override this behaviour and defer downloading the response
 body until you access the :attr:`Response.content <requests.Response.content>`
 attribute with the ``stream`` parameter::
 
-    tarball_url = 'https://github.com/psf/requests/tarball/master'
+    tarball_url = 'https://github.com/psf/requests/tarball/main'
     r = requests.get(tarball_url, stream=True)
 
 At this point only the response headers have been downloaded and the connection
@@ -441,7 +446,7 @@ argument.
     def print_url(r, *args, **kwargs):
         print(r.url)
 
-If an error occurs while executing your callback, a warning is given.
+Your callback function must handle its own exceptions. Any unhandled exception won't be passed silently and thus should be handled by the code calling Requests.
 
 If the callback function returns a value, it is assumed that it is to
 replace the data that was passed in. If the function doesn't return
@@ -482,7 +487,7 @@ they are added.
 Custom Authentication
 ---------------------
 
-Requests allows you to use specify your own authentication mechanism.
+Requests allows you to specify your own authentication mechanism.
 
 Any callable which is passed as the ``auth`` argument to a request method will
 have the opportunity to modify the request before it is dispatched.
@@ -584,21 +589,55 @@ If you need to use a proxy, you can configure individual requests with the
 
     requests.get('http://example.org', proxies=proxies)
 
-You can also configure proxies by setting the environment variables
-``HTTP_PROXY`` and ``HTTPS_PROXY``.
+Alternatively you can configure it once for an entire
+:class:`Session <requests.Session>`::
 
-::
+    import requests
+
+    proxies = {
+      'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128',
+      'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',
+    }
+    session = requests.Session()
+    session.proxies.update(proxies)
+
+    session.get('http://example.org')
+
+.. warning::  Setting ``session.proxies`` may behave differently than expected.
+    Values provided will be overwritten by environmental proxies
+    (those returned by `urllib.request.getproxies <https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.request.html#urllib.request.getproxies>`_).
+    To ensure the use of proxies in the presence of environmental proxies,
+    explicitly specify the ``proxies`` argument on all individual requests as
+    initially explained above.
+
+    See `#2018 <https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/2018>`_ for details.
+
+When the proxies configuration is not overridden per request as shown above,
+Requests relies on the proxy configuration defined by standard
+environment variables ``http_proxy``, ``https_proxy``, ``no_proxy``,
+and ``all_proxy``. Uppercase variants of these variables are also supported.
+You can therefore set them to configure Requests (only set the ones relevant
+to your needs)::
 
     $ export HTTP_PROXY="http://10.10.1.10:3128"
     $ export HTTPS_PROXY="http://10.10.1.10:1080"
+    $ export ALL_PROXY="socks5://10.10.1.10:3434"
 
     $ python
     >>> import requests
     >>> requests.get('http://example.org')
 
-To use HTTP Basic Auth with your proxy, use the `http://user:password@host/` syntax::
+To use HTTP Basic Auth with your proxy, use the `http://user:password@host/`
+syntax in any of the above configuration entries::
 
-    proxies = {'http': 'http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/'}
+    $ export HTTPS_PROXY="http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:1080"
+
+    $ python
+    >>> proxies = {'http': 'http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/'}
+
+.. warning:: Storing sensitive username and password information in an
+   environment variable or a version-controlled file is a security risk and is
+   highly discouraged.
 
 To give a proxy for a specific scheme and host, use the
 `scheme://hostname` form for the key.  This will match for
@@ -610,6 +649,25 @@ any request to the given scheme and exact hostname.
 
 Note that proxy URLs must include the scheme.
 
+Finally, note that using a proxy for https connections typically requires your
+local machine to trust the proxy's root certificate. By default the list of
+certificates trusted by Requests can be found with::
+
+    from requests.utils import DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
+    print(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH)
+
+You override this default certificate bundle by setting the ``REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE``
+(or ``CURL_CA_BUNDLE``) environment variable to another file path::
+
+    $ export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE="/usr/local/myproxy_info/cacert.pem"
+    $ export https_proxy="http://10.10.1.10:1080"
+
+    $ python
+    >>> import requests
+    >>> requests.get('https://example.org')
+
+.. _socks:
+
 SOCKS
 ^^^^^
 
@@ -619,11 +677,9 @@ In addition to basic HTTP proxies, Requests also supports proxies using the
 SOCKS protocol. This is an optional feature that requires that additional
 third-party libraries be installed before use.
 
-You can get the dependencies for this feature from ``pip``:
+You can get the dependencies for this feature from ``pip``::
 
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    $ pip install requests[socks]
+    $ python -m pip install 'requests[socks]'
 
 Once you've installed those dependencies, using a SOCKS proxy is just as easy
 as using a HTTP one::
@@ -651,10 +707,21 @@ Encodings
 When you receive a response, Requests makes a guess at the encoding to
 use for decoding the response when you access the :attr:`Response.text
 <requests.Response.text>` attribute. Requests will first check for an
-encoding in the HTTP header, and if none is present, will use `chardet
-<https://pypi.org/project/chardet/>`_ to attempt to guess the encoding.
+encoding in the HTTP header, and if none is present, will use
+`charset_normalizer <https://pypi.org/project/charset_normalizer/>`_
+or `chardet <https://github.com/chardet/chardet>`_ to attempt to
+guess the encoding.
 
-The only time Requests will not do this is if no explicit charset
+If ``chardet`` is installed, ``requests`` uses it, however for python3
+``chardet`` is no longer a mandatory dependency. The ``chardet``
+library is an LGPL-licenced dependency and some users of requests
+cannot depend on mandatory LGPL-licensed dependencies.
+
+When you install ``requests`` without specifying ``[use_chardet_on_py3]`` extra,
+and ``chardet`` is not already installed, ``requests`` uses ``charset-normalizer``
+(MIT-licensed) to guess the encoding.
+
+The only time Requests will not guess the encoding is if no explicit charset
 is present in the HTTP headers **and** the ``Content-Type``
 header contains ``text``. In this situation, `RFC 2616
 <https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.7.1>`_ specifies
@@ -879,7 +946,7 @@ Link Headers
 Many HTTP APIs feature Link headers. They make APIs more self describing and
 discoverable.
 
-GitHub uses these for `pagination <https://developer.github.com/v3/#pagination>`_
+GitHub uses these for `pagination <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/guides/using-pagination-in-the-rest-api>`_
 in their API, for example::
 
     >>> url = 'https://api.github.com/users/kennethreitz/repos?page=1&per_page=10'
@@ -900,11 +967,9 @@ Requests will automatically parse these link headers and make them easily consum
 Transport Adapters
 ------------------
 
-As of v1.0.0, Requests has moved to a modular internal design. Part of the
-reason this was done was to implement Transport Adapters, originally
-`described here`_. Transport Adapters provide a mechanism to define interaction
-methods for an HTTP service. In particular, they allow you to apply per-service
-configuration.
+As of v1.0.0, Requests has moved to a modular internal design using Transport
+Adapters. These objects provide a mechanism to define interaction methods for an
+HTTP service. In particular, they allow you to apply per-service configuration.
 
 Requests ships with a single Transport Adapter, the :class:`HTTPAdapter
 <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. This adapter provides the default Requests
@@ -927,6 +992,10 @@ The mount call registers a specific instance of a Transport Adapter to a
 prefix. Once mounted, any HTTP request made using that session whose URL starts
 with the given prefix will use the given Transport Adapter.
 
+.. note:: The adapter will be chosen based on a longest prefix match. Be mindful
+   prefixes such as ``http://localhost`` will also match ``http://localhost.other.com``
+   or ``http://localhost@other.com``. It's recommended to terminate full hostnames with a ``/``.
+
 Many of the details of implementing a Transport Adapter are beyond the scope of
 this documentation, but take a look at the next example for a simple SSL use-
 case. For more than that, you might look at subclassing the
@@ -959,8 +1028,29 @@ library to use SSLv3::
                 num_pools=connections, maxsize=maxsize,
                 block=block, ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3)
 
-.. _`described here`: https://www.kennethreitz.org/essays/the-future-of-python-http
-.. _`urllib3`: https://github.com/shazow/urllib3
+Example: Automatic Retries
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+By default, Requests does not retry failed connections. However, it is possible
+to implement automatic retries with a powerful array of features, including
+backoff, within a Requests :class:`Session <requests.Session>` using the
+`urllib3.util.Retry`_ class::
+
+    from urllib3.util import Retry
+    from requests import Session
+    from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+
+    s = Session()
+    retries = Retry(
+        total=3,
+        backoff_factor=0.1,
+        status_forcelist=[502, 503, 504],
+        allowed_methods={'POST'},
+    )
+    s.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries))
+
+.. _`urllib3`: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3
+.. _`urllib3.util.Retry`: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/urllib3.util.html#urllib3.util.Retry
 
 .. _blocking-or-nonblocking:
 
@@ -976,19 +1066,19 @@ response at a time. However, these calls will still block.
 
 If you are concerned about the use of blocking IO, there are lots of projects
 out there that combine Requests with one of Python's asynchronicity frameworks.
-Some excellent examples are `requests-threads`_, `grequests`_, `requests-futures`_, and `requests-async`_.
+Some excellent examples are `requests-threads`_, `grequests`_, `requests-futures`_, and `httpx`_.
 
 .. _`requests-threads`: https://github.com/requests/requests-threads
-.. _`grequests`: https://github.com/kennethreitz/grequests
+.. _`grequests`: https://github.com/spyoungtech/grequests
 .. _`requests-futures`: https://github.com/ross/requests-futures
-.. _`requests-async`: https://github.com/encode/requests-async
+.. _`httpx`: https://github.com/encode/httpx
 
 Header Ordering
 ---------------
 
 In unusual circumstances you may want to provide headers in an ordered manner. If you pass an ``OrderedDict`` to the ``headers`` keyword argument, that will provide the headers with an ordering. *However*, the ordering of the default headers used by Requests will be preferred, which means that if you override default headers in the ``headers`` keyword argument, they may appear out of order compared to other headers in that keyword argument.
 
-If this is problematic, users should consider setting the default headers on a :class:`Session <requests.Session>` object, by setting :attr:`Session <requests.Session.headers>` to a custom ``OrderedDict``. That ordering will always be preferred.
+If this is problematic, users should consider setting the default headers on a :class:`Session <requests.Session>` object, by setting :attr:`Session.headers <requests.Session.headers>` to a custom ``OrderedDict``. That ordering will always be preferred.
 
 .. _timeouts:
 
@@ -1004,7 +1094,7 @@ The **connect** timeout is the number of seconds Requests will wait for your
 client to establish a connection to a remote machine (corresponding to the
 `connect()`_) call on the socket. It's a good practice to set connect timeouts
 to slightly larger than a multiple of 3, which is the default `TCP packet
-retransmission window <https://www.hjp.at/doc/rfc/rfc2988.txt>`_.
+retransmission window <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2988>`_.
 
 Once your client has connected to the server and sent the HTTP request, the
 **read** timeout is the number of seconds the client will wait for the server
@@ -1029,4 +1119,18 @@ coffee.
 
     r = requests.get('https://github.com', timeout=None)
 
+.. note:: The connect timeout applies to each connection attempt to an IP address.
+          If multiple addresses exist for a domain name, the underlying ``urllib3`` will
+          try each address sequentially until one successfully connects.
+          This may lead to an effective total connection timeout *multiple* times longer
+          than the specified time, e.g. an unresponsive server having both IPv4 and IPv6
+          addresses will have its perceived timeout *doubled*, so take that into account
+          when setting the connection timeout.
+.. note:: Neither the connect nor read timeouts are `wall clock`_. This means
+          that if you start a request, and look at the time, and then look at
+          the time when the request finishes or times out, the real-world time
+          may be greater than what you specified.
+
+
+.. _`wall clock`: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/max_execution_wall_time
 .. _`connect()`: https://linux.die.net/man/2/connect

docs/user/authentication.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 Authentication
 ==============
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4258/35550409215_3b08d49d22_k_d.jpg
-
 This document discusses using various kinds of authentication with Requests.
 
 Many web services require authentication, and there are many different types.
@@ -21,13 +19,14 @@ the simplest kind, and Requests supports it straight out of the box.
 Making requests with HTTP Basic Auth is very simple::
 
     >>> from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
-    >>> requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'pass'))
+    >>> basic = HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'pass')
+    >>> requests.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=basic)
     <Response [200]>
 
 In fact, HTTP Basic Auth is so common that Requests provides a handy shorthand
 for using it::
 
-    >>> requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=('user', 'pass'))
+    >>> requests.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=('user', 'pass'))
     <Response [200]>
 
 Providing the credentials in a tuple like this is exactly the same as the
@@ -45,6 +44,16 @@ set with `headers=`.
 If credentials for the hostname are found, the request is sent with HTTP Basic
 Auth.
 
+Requests will search for the netrc file at `~/.netrc`, `~/_netrc`, or at the path
+specified by the `NETRC` environment variable. `~` denotes the user's home
+directory, which is `$HOME` on Unix based systems and `%USERPROFILE%` on Windows.
+
+Usage of netrc file can be disabled by setting `trust_env` to `False` in the
+Requests session::
+
+    >>> s = requests.Session()
+    >>> s.trust_env = False
+    >>> s.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass')
 
 Digest Authentication
 ---------------------

docs/user/install.rst

@@ -3,23 +3,16 @@
 Installation of Requests
 ========================
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4230/35550376215_da1bf77a8c_k_d.jpg
-
-
 This part of the documentation covers the installation of Requests.
 The first step to using any software package is getting it properly installed.
 
 
-$ pipenv install requests
--------------------------
+$ python -m pip install requests
+--------------------------------
 
 To install Requests, simply run this simple command in your terminal of choice::
 
-    $ pipenv install requests
-
-If you don't have `pipenv <https://pipenv.kennethreitz.org>`_ installed (tisk tisk!), head over to the Pipenv website for installation instructions. Or, if you prefer to just use pip and don't have it installed,
-`this Python installation guide <https://docs.python-guide.org/starting/installation/>`_
-can guide you through the process.
+    $ python -m pip install requests
 
 Get the Source Code
 -------------------
@@ -29,15 +22,15 @@ Requests is actively developed on GitHub, where the code is
 
 You can either clone the public repository::
 
-    $ git clone git://github.com/psf/requests.git
+    $ git clone https://github.com/psf/requests.git
 
-Or, download the `tarball <https://github.com/psf/requests/tarball/master>`_::
+Or, download the `tarball <https://github.com/psf/requests/tarball/main>`_::
 
-    $ curl -OL https://github.com/psf/requests/tarball/master
+    $ curl -OL https://github.com/psf/requests/tarball/main
     # optionally, zipball is also available (for Windows users).
 
 Once you have a copy of the source, you can embed it in your own Python
 package, or install it into your site-packages easily::
 
     $ cd requests
-    $ pip install .
+    $ python -m pip install .

docs/user/intro.rst

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-.. _introduction:
-
-Introduction
-============
-
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4317/35198386374_1939af3de6_k_d.jpg
-
-Philosophy
-----------
-
-Requests was developed with a few :pep:`20` idioms in mind.
-
-
-#. Beautiful is better than ugly.
-#. Explicit is better than implicit.
-#. Simple is better than complex.
-#. Complex is better than complicated.
-#. Readability counts.
-
-All contributions to Requests should keep these important rules in mind.
-
-.. _`apache2`:
-
-Apache2 License
----------------
-
-A large number of open source projects you find today are `GPL Licensed`_.
-While the GPL has its time and place, it should most certainly not be your
-go-to license for your next open source project.
-
-A project that is released as GPL cannot be used in any commercial product
-without the product itself also being offered as open source.
-
-The MIT, BSD, ISC, and Apache2 licenses are great alternatives to the GPL
-that allow your open-source software to be used freely in proprietary,
-closed-source software.
-
-Requests is released under terms of `Apache2 License`_.
-
-.. _`GPL Licensed`: https://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php
-.. _`Apache2 License`: https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0
-
-
-Requests License
-----------------
-
-    .. include:: ../../LICENSE

docs/user/quickstart.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 Quickstart
 ==========
 
-.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4259/35163667010_8bfcaef274_k_d.jpg
-
 .. module:: requests.models
 
 Eager to get started? This page gives a good introduction in how to get started
@@ -39,12 +37,12 @@ get all the information we need from this object.
 Requests' simple API means that all forms of HTTP request are as obvious. For
 example, this is how you make an HTTP POST request::
 
-    >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
+    >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data={'key': 'value'})
 
 Nice, right? What about the other HTTP request types: PUT, DELETE, HEAD and
 OPTIONS? These are all just as simple::
 
-    >>> r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
+    >>> r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})
     >>> r = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')
     >>> r = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
     >>> r = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')
@@ -130,6 +128,9 @@ You can also access the response body as bytes, for non-text requests::
 
 The ``gzip`` and ``deflate`` transfer-encodings are automatically decoded for you.
 
+The ``br``  transfer-encoding is automatically decoded for you if a Brotli library
+like `brotli <https://pypi.org/project/brotli>`_ or `brotlicffi <https://pypi.org/project/brotlicffi>`_ is installed.
+
 For example, to create an image from binary data returned by a request, you can
 use the following code::
 
@@ -152,7 +153,9 @@ There's also a builtin JSON decoder, in case you're dealing with JSON data::
 
 In case the JSON decoding fails, ``r.json()`` raises an exception. For example, if
 the response gets a 204 (No Content), or if the response contains invalid JSON,
-attempting ``r.json()`` raises ``ValueError: No JSON object could be decoded``.
+attempting ``r.json()`` raises ``requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError``. This wrapper exception
+provides interoperability for multiple exceptions that may be thrown by different
+python versions and json serialization libraries.
 
 It should be noted that the success of the call to ``r.json()`` does **not**
 indicate the success of the response. Some servers may return a JSON object in a
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ server, you can access ``r.raw``. If you want to do this, make sure you set
     <urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>
 
     >>> r.raw.read(10)
-    '\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
+    b'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
 
 In general, however, you should use a pattern like this to save what is being
 streamed to a file::
@@ -198,6 +201,8 @@ may better fit your use cases.
    were returned, use ``Response.raw``.
 
 
+.. _custom-headers:
+
 Custom Headers
 --------------
 
@@ -215,7 +220,9 @@ Note: Custom headers are given less precedence than more specific sources of inf
 
 * Authorization headers set with `headers=` will be overridden if credentials
   are specified in ``.netrc``, which in turn will be overridden by the  ``auth=``
-  parameter.
+  parameter. Requests will search for the netrc file at `~/.netrc`, `~/_netrc`,
+  or at the path specified by the `NETRC` environment variable.
+  Check details in :ref:`netrc authentication <authentication>`.
 * Authorization headers will be removed if you get redirected off-host.
 * Proxy-Authorization headers will be overridden by proxy credentials provided in the URL.
 * Content-Length headers will be overridden when we can determine the length of the content.
@@ -233,7 +240,7 @@ dictionary of data will automatically be form-encoded when the request is made::
 
     >>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
 
-    >>> r = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
+    >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
     >>> print(r.text)
     {
       ...
@@ -264,7 +271,9 @@ use the same key::
       },
       ...
     }
-    >>> r1.text == r2.text
+    >>> # httpbin may embed non-deterministic metadata,
+    >>> # so we only compare our submitted data here.
+    >>> r1.json()['form'] == r2.json()['form']
     True
 
 There are times that you may want to send data that is not form-encoded. If
@@ -279,8 +288,12 @@ For example, the GitHub API v3 accepts JSON-Encoded POST/PATCH data::
 
     >>> r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))
 
-Instead of encoding the ``dict`` yourself, you can also pass it directly using
-the ``json`` parameter (added in version 2.4.2) and it will be encoded automatically::
+Please note that the above code will NOT add the ``Content-Type`` header
+(so in particular it will NOT set it to ``application/json``).
+
+If you need that header set and you don't want to encode the ``dict`` yourself,
+you can also pass it directly using the ``json`` parameter (added in version 2.4.2)
+and it will be encoded automatically:
 
     >>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
     >>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
@@ -289,8 +302,6 @@ the ``json`` parameter (added in version 2.4.2) and it will be encoded automatic
 
 Note, the ``json`` parameter is ignored if either ``data`` or ``files`` is passed.
 
-Using the ``json`` parameter in the request will change the ``Content-Type`` in the header to ``application/json``.
-
 POST a Multipart-Encoded File
 -----------------------------
 
@@ -560,6 +571,3 @@ All exceptions that Requests explicitly raises inherit from
 -----------------------
 
 Ready for more? Check out the :ref:`advanced <advanced>` section.
-
-
-If you're on the job market, consider taking `this programming quiz <https://triplebyte.com/a/b1i2FB8/requests-docs-1>`_. A substantial donation will be made to this project, if you find a job through this platform.

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=61.0"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "requests"
+description = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+readme = "README.md"
+license = {text = "Apache-2.0"}
+authors = [
+    { name = "Kenneth Reitz", email = "me@kennethreitz.org" },
+]
+maintainers = [
+    {name = "Ian Stapleton Cordasco", email="graffatcolmingov@gmail.com"},
+    {name = "Nate Prewitt", email="nate.prewitt@gmail.com"}
+]
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+dependencies = [
+    "charset_normalizer>=2,<4",
+    "idna>=2.5,<4",
+    "urllib3>=1.26,<3",
+    "certifi>=2023.5.7"
+]
+dynamic = ["version"]
+
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+    "Environment :: Web Environment",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
+    "Natural Language :: English",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
+    "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries"
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+Documentation = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
+Source = "https://github.com/psf/requests"
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+security = []
+socks = ["PySocks>=1.5.6, !=1.5.7"]
+use_chardet_on_py3 = ["chardet>=3.0.2,<8"]
+
+[dependency-groups]
+test = [
+    "requests[socks]",
+    "pytest-httpbin==2.1.0",
+    "httpbin~=0.10.0",
+    "pytest-cov",
+    "pytest-mock",
+    "pytest-xdist",
+    "pytest>=3",
+    "trustme",
+]
+typecheck = [
+    "pyright",
+    "typing_extensions",
+]
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+license-files = ["LICENSE", "NOTICE"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = {attr = "requests.__version__.__version__"}
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+where = ["src"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py310"
+src = ["src/requests", "tests"]
+exclude = ["docs/", "ext/"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "E",      # pycodestyle errors
+    "W",      # pycodestyle warnings
+    "F",      # pyflakes
+    "I",      # isort
+    "UP",     # pyupgrade
+    "T10",    # flake8-debugger (replaces debug-statements hook)
+]
+ignore = ["E203", "E501", "UP031"]
+per-file-ignores = {"src/requests/__init__.py" = ["E402", "F401"], "src/requests/compat.py" = ["E402", "F401"], "tests/compat.py" = ["F401"]}
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["requests"]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+# Use black-compatible formatting
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "space"
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+addopts = "--doctest-modules"
+doctest_optionflags = "NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE ELLIPSIS"
+minversion = "6.2"
+testpaths = ["tests"]
+
+
+[tool.pyright]
+include = ["src/requests"]
+typeCheckingMode = "strict"

pytest.ini

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-addopts = -p no:warnings --doctest-modules
-doctest_optionflags= NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE ELLIPSIS

requests/__init__.py

@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-#   __
-#  /__)  _  _     _   _ _/   _
-# / (   (- (/ (/ (- _)  /  _)
-#          /
-
-"""
-Requests HTTP Library
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.
-Basic GET usage:
-
-   >>> import requests
-   >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
-   >>> r.status_code
-   200
-   >>> b'Python is a programming language' in r.content
-   True
-
-... or POST:
-
-   >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
-   >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
-   >>> print(r.text)
-   {
-     ...
-     "form": {
-       "key1": "value1",
-       "key2": "value2"
-     },
-     ...
-   }
-
-The other HTTP methods are supported - see `requests.api`. Full documentation
-is at <https://requests.readthedocs.io>.
-
-:copyright: (c) 2017 by Kenneth Reitz.
-:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.
-"""
-
-import urllib3
-import chardet
-import warnings
-from .exceptions import RequestsDependencyWarning
-
-
-def check_compatibility(urllib3_version, chardet_version):
-    urllib3_version = urllib3_version.split('.')
-    assert urllib3_version != ['dev']  # Verify urllib3 isn't installed from git.
-
-    # Sometimes, urllib3 only reports its version as 16.1.
-    if len(urllib3_version) == 2:
-        urllib3_version.append('0')
-
-    # Check urllib3 for compatibility.
-    major, minor, patch = urllib3_version  # noqa: F811
-    major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
-    # urllib3 >= 1.21.1, <= 1.25
-    assert major == 1
-    assert minor >= 21
-    assert minor <= 25
-
-    # Check chardet for compatibility.
-    major, minor, patch = chardet_version.split('.')[:3]
-    major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
-    # chardet >= 3.0.2, < 3.1.0
-    assert major == 3
-    assert minor < 1
-    assert patch >= 2
-
-
-def _check_cryptography(cryptography_version):
-    # cryptography < 1.3.4
-    try:
-        cryptography_version = list(map(int, cryptography_version.split('.')))
-    except ValueError:
-        return
-
-    if cryptography_version < [1, 3, 4]:
-        warning = 'Old version of cryptography ({}) may cause slowdown.'.format(cryptography_version)
-        warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning)
-
-# Check imported dependencies for compatibility.
-try:
-    check_compatibility(urllib3.__version__, chardet.__version__)
-except (AssertionError, ValueError):
-    warnings.warn("urllib3 ({}) or chardet ({}) doesn't match a supported "
-                  "version!".format(urllib3.__version__, chardet.__version__),
-                  RequestsDependencyWarning)
-
-# Attempt to enable urllib3's fallback for SNI support
-# if the standard library doesn't support SNI or the
-# 'ssl' library isn't available.
-try:
-    try:
-        import ssl
-    except ImportError:
-        ssl = None
-
-    if not getattr(ssl, "HAS_SNI", False):
-        from urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
-        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
-
-        # Check cryptography version
-        from cryptography import __version__ as cryptography_version
-        _check_cryptography(cryptography_version)
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-# urllib3's DependencyWarnings should be silenced.
-from urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
-warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DependencyWarning)
-
-from .__version__ import __title__, __description__, __url__, __version__
-from .__version__ import __build__, __author__, __author_email__, __license__
-from .__version__ import __copyright__, __cake__
-
-from . import utils
-from . import packages
-from .models import Request, Response, PreparedRequest
-from .api import request, get, head, post, patch, put, delete, options
-from .sessions import session, Session
-from .status_codes import codes
-from .exceptions import (
-    RequestException, Timeout, URLRequired,
-    TooManyRedirects, HTTPError, ConnectionError,
-    FileModeWarning, ConnectTimeout, ReadTimeout
-)
-
-# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
-import logging
-from logging import NullHandler
-
-logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
-
-# FileModeWarnings go off per the default.
-warnings.simplefilter('default', FileModeWarning, append=True)

requests/__version__.py

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# .-. .-. .-. . . .-. .-. .-. .-.
-# |(  |-  |.| | | |-  `-.  |  `-.
-# ' ' `-' `-`.`-' `-' `-'  '  `-'
-
-__title__ = 'requests'
-__description__ = 'Python HTTP for Humans.'
-__url__ = 'https://requests.readthedocs.io'
-__version__ = '2.24.0'
-__build__ = 0x022400
-__author__ = 'Kenneth Reitz'
-__author_email__ = 'me@kennethreitz.org'
-__license__ = 'Apache 2.0'
-__copyright__ = 'Copyright 2020 Kenneth Reitz'
-__cake__ = u'\u2728 \U0001f370 \u2728'

requests/auth.py

@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""
-requests.auth
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This module contains the authentication handlers for Requests.
-"""
-
-import os
-import re
-import time
-import hashlib
-import threading
-import warnings
-
-from base64 import b64encode
-
-from .compat import urlparse, str, basestring
-from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
-from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
-from .utils import parse_dict_header
-
-CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URLENCODED = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-CONTENT_TYPE_MULTI_PART = 'multipart/form-data'
-
-
-def _basic_auth_str(username, password):
-    """Returns a Basic Auth string."""
-
-    # "I want us to put a big-ol' comment on top of it that
-    # says that this behaviour is dumb but we need to preserve
-    # it because people are relying on it."
-    #    - Lukasa
-    #
-    # These are here solely to maintain backwards compatibility
-    # for things like ints. This will be removed in 3.0.0.
-    if not isinstance(username, basestring):
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Non-string usernames will no longer be supported in Requests "
-            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
-            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
-            "problems.".format(username),
-            category=DeprecationWarning,
-        )
-        username = str(username)
-
-    if not isinstance(password, basestring):
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Non-string passwords will no longer be supported in Requests "
-            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
-            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
-            "problems.".format(type(password)),
-            category=DeprecationWarning,
-        )
-        password = str(password)
-    # -- End Removal --
-
-    if isinstance(username, str):
-        username = username.encode('latin1')
-
-    if isinstance(password, str):
-        password = password.encode('latin1')
-
-    authstr = 'Basic ' + to_native_string(
-        b64encode(b':'.join((username, password))).strip()
-    )
-
-    return authstr
-
-
-class AuthBase(object):
-    """Base class that all auth implementations derive from"""
-
-    def __call__(self, r):
-        raise NotImplementedError('Auth hooks must be callable.')
-
-
-class HTTPBasicAuth(AuthBase):
-    """Attaches HTTP Basic Authentication to the given Request object."""
-
-    def __init__(self, username, password):
-        self.username = username
-        self.password = password
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return all([
-            self.username == getattr(other, 'username', None),
-            self.password == getattr(other, 'password', None)
-        ])
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        return not self == other
-
-    def __call__(self, r):
-        r.headers['Authorization'] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
-        return r
-
-
-class HTTPProxyAuth(HTTPBasicAuth):
-    """Attaches HTTP Proxy Authentication to a given Request object."""
-
-    def __call__(self, r):
-        r.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
-        return r
-
-
-class HTTPDigestAuth(AuthBase):
-    """Attaches HTTP Digest Authentication to the given Request object."""
-
-    def __init__(self, username, password):
-        self.username = username
-        self.password = password
-        # Keep state in per-thread local storage
-        self._thread_local = threading.local()
-
-    def init_per_thread_state(self):
-        # Ensure state is initialized just once per-thread
-        if not hasattr(self._thread_local, 'init'):
-            self._thread_local.init = True
-            self._thread_local.last_nonce = ''
-            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 0
-            self._thread_local.chal = {}
-            self._thread_local.pos = None
-            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = None
-
-    def build_digest_header(self, method, url):
-        """
-        :rtype: str
-        """
-
-        realm = self._thread_local.chal['realm']
-        nonce = self._thread_local.chal['nonce']
-        qop = self._thread_local.chal.get('qop')
-        algorithm = self._thread_local.chal.get('algorithm')
-        opaque = self._thread_local.chal.get('opaque')
-        hash_utf8 = None
-
-        if algorithm is None:
-            _algorithm = 'MD5'
-        else:
-            _algorithm = algorithm.upper()
-        # lambdas assume digest modules are imported at the top level
-        if _algorithm == 'MD5' or _algorithm == 'MD5-SESS':
-            def md5_utf8(x):
-                if isinstance(x, str):
-                    x = x.encode('utf-8')
-                return hashlib.md5(x).hexdigest()
-            hash_utf8 = md5_utf8
-        elif _algorithm == 'SHA':
-            def sha_utf8(x):
-                if isinstance(x, str):
-                    x = x.encode('utf-8')
-                return hashlib.sha1(x).hexdigest()
-            hash_utf8 = sha_utf8
-        elif _algorithm == 'SHA-256':
-            def sha256_utf8(x):
-                if isinstance(x, str):
-                    x = x.encode('utf-8')
-                return hashlib.sha256(x).hexdigest()
-            hash_utf8 = sha256_utf8
-        elif _algorithm == 'SHA-512':
-            def sha512_utf8(x):
-                if isinstance(x, str):
-                    x = x.encode('utf-8')
-                return hashlib.sha512(x).hexdigest()
-            hash_utf8 = sha512_utf8
-
-        KD = lambda s, d: hash_utf8("%s:%s" % (s, d))
-
-        if hash_utf8 is None:
-            return None
-
-        # XXX not implemented yet
-        entdig = None
-        p_parsed = urlparse(url)
-        #: path is request-uri defined in RFC 2616 which should not be empty
-        path = p_parsed.path or "/"
-        if p_parsed.query:
-            path += '?' + p_parsed.query
-
-        A1 = '%s:%s:%s' % (self.username, realm, self.password)
-        A2 = '%s:%s' % (method, path)
-
-        HA1 = hash_utf8(A1)
-        HA2 = hash_utf8(A2)
-
-        if nonce == self._thread_local.last_nonce:
-            self._thread_local.nonce_count += 1
-        else:
-            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 1
-        ncvalue = '%08x' % self._thread_local.nonce_count
-        s = str(self._thread_local.nonce_count).encode('utf-8')
-        s += nonce.encode('utf-8')
-        s += time.ctime().encode('utf-8')
-        s += os.urandom(8)
-
-        cnonce = (hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16])
-        if _algorithm == 'MD5-SESS':
-            HA1 = hash_utf8('%s:%s:%s' % (HA1, nonce, cnonce))
-
-        if not qop:
-            respdig = KD(HA1, "%s:%s" % (nonce, HA2))
-        elif qop == 'auth' or 'auth' in qop.split(','):
-            noncebit = "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (
-                nonce, ncvalue, cnonce, 'auth', HA2
-            )
-            respdig = KD(HA1, noncebit)
-        else:
-            # XXX handle auth-int.
-            return None
-
-        self._thread_local.last_nonce = nonce
-
-        # XXX should the partial digests be encoded too?
-        base = 'username="%s", realm="%s", nonce="%s", uri="%s", ' \
-               'response="%s"' % (self.username, realm, nonce, path, respdig)
-        if opaque:
-            base += ', opaque="%s"' % opaque
-        if algorithm:
-            base += ', algorithm="%s"' % algorithm
-        if entdig:
-            base += ', digest="%s"' % entdig
-        if qop:
-            base += ', qop="auth", nc=%s, cnonce="%s"' % (ncvalue, cnonce)
-
-        return 'Digest %s' % (base)
-
-    def handle_redirect(self, r, **kwargs):
-        """Reset num_401_calls counter on redirects."""
-        if r.is_redirect:
-            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
-
-    def handle_401(self, r, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Takes the given response and tries digest-auth, if needed.
-
-        :rtype: requests.Response
-        """
-
-        # If response is not 4xx, do not auth
-        # See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3772
-        if not 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
-            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
-            return r
-
-        if self._thread_local.pos is not None:
-            # Rewind the file position indicator of the body to where
-            # it was to resend the request.
-            r.request.body.seek(self._thread_local.pos)
-        s_auth = r.headers.get('www-authenticate', '')
-
-        if 'digest' in s_auth.lower() and self._thread_local.num_401_calls < 2:
-
-            self._thread_local.num_401_calls += 1
-            pat = re.compile(r'digest ', flags=re.IGNORECASE)
-            self._thread_local.chal = parse_dict_header(pat.sub('', s_auth, count=1))
-
-            # Consume content and release the original connection
-            # to allow our new request to reuse the same one.
-            r.content
-            r.close()
-            prep = r.request.copy()
-            extract_cookies_to_jar(prep._cookies, r.request, r.raw)
-            prep.prepare_cookies(prep._cookies)
-
-            prep.headers['Authorization'] = self.build_digest_header(
-                prep.method, prep.url)
-            _r = r.connection.send(prep, **kwargs)
-            _r.history.append(r)
-            _r.request = prep
-
-            return _r
-
-        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
-        return r
-
-    def __call__(self, r):
-        # Initialize per-thread state, if needed
-        self.init_per_thread_state()
-        # If we have a saved nonce, skip the 401
-        if self._thread_local.last_nonce:
-            r.headers['Authorization'] = self.build_digest_header(r.method, r.url)
-        try:
-            self._thread_local.pos = r.body.tell()
-        except AttributeError:
-            # In the case of HTTPDigestAuth being reused and the body of
-            # the previous request was a file-like object, pos has the
-            # file position of the previous body. Ensure it's set to
-            # None.
-            self._thread_local.pos = None
-        r.register_hook('response', self.handle_401)
-        r.register_hook('response', self.handle_redirect)
-        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
-
-        return r
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return all([
-            self.username == getattr(other, 'username', None),
-            self.password == getattr(other, 'password', None)
-        ])
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        return not self == other

requests/compat.py

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""
-requests.compat
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This module handles import compatibility issues between Python 2 and
-Python 3.
-"""
-
-import chardet
-
-import sys
-
-# -------
-# Pythons
-# -------
-
-# Syntax sugar.
-_ver = sys.version_info
-
-#: Python 2.x?
-is_py2 = (_ver[0] == 2)
-
-#: Python 3.x?
-is_py3 = (_ver[0] == 3)
-
-try:
-    import simplejson as json
-except ImportError:
-    import json
-
-# ---------
-# Specifics
-# ---------
-
-if is_py2:
-    from urllib import (
-        quote, unquote, quote_plus, unquote_plus, urlencode, getproxies,
-        proxy_bypass, proxy_bypass_environment, getproxies_environment)
-    from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, urlsplit, urldefrag
-    from urllib2 import parse_http_list
-    import cookielib
-    from Cookie import Morsel
-    from StringIO import StringIO
-    # Keep OrderedDict for backwards compatibility.
-    from collections import Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping, OrderedDict
-
-
-    builtin_str = str
-    bytes = str
-    str = unicode
-    basestring = basestring
-    numeric_types = (int, long, float)
-    integer_types = (int, long)
-
-elif is_py3:
-    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, urlsplit, urlencode, quote, unquote, quote_plus, unquote_plus, urldefrag
-    from urllib.request import parse_http_list, getproxies, proxy_bypass, proxy_bypass_environment, getproxies_environment
-    from http import cookiejar as cookielib
-    from http.cookies import Morsel
-    from io import StringIO
-    # Keep OrderedDict for backwards compatibility.
-    from collections import OrderedDict
-    from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
-
-    builtin_str = str
-    str = str
-    bytes = bytes
-    basestring = (str, bytes)
-    numeric_types = (int, float)
-    integer_types = (int,)

requests/help.py

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-"""Module containing bug report helper(s)."""
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import json
-import platform
-import sys
-import ssl
-
-import idna
-import urllib3
-import chardet
-
-from . import __version__ as requests_version
-
-try:
-    from urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
-except ImportError:
-    pyopenssl = None
-    OpenSSL = None
-    cryptography = None
-else:
-    import OpenSSL
-    import cryptography
-
-
-def _implementation():
-    """Return a dict with the Python implementation and version.
-
-    Provide both the name and the version of the Python implementation
-    currently running. For example, on CPython 2.7.5 it will return
-    {'name': 'CPython', 'version': '2.7.5'}.
-
-    This function works best on CPython and PyPy: in particular, it probably
-    doesn't work for Jython or IronPython. Future investigation should be done
-    to work out the correct shape of the code for those platforms.
-    """
-    implementation = platform.python_implementation()
-
-    if implementation == 'CPython':
-        implementation_version = platform.python_version()
-    elif implementation == 'PyPy':
-        implementation_version = '%s.%s.%s' % (sys.pypy_version_info.major,
-                                               sys.pypy_version_info.minor,
-                                               sys.pypy_version_info.micro)
-        if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel != 'final':
-            implementation_version = ''.join([
-                implementation_version, sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel
-            ])
-    elif implementation == 'Jython':
-        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
-    elif implementation == 'IronPython':
-        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
-    else:
-        implementation_version = 'Unknown'
-
-    return {'name': implementation, 'version': implementation_version}
-
-
-def info():
-    """Generate information for a bug report."""
-    try:
-        platform_info = {
-            'system': platform.system(),
-            'release': platform.release(),
-        }
-    except IOError:
-        platform_info = {
-            'system': 'Unknown',
-            'release': 'Unknown',
-        }
-
-    implementation_info = _implementation()
-    urllib3_info = {'version': urllib3.__version__}
-    chardet_info = {'version': chardet.__version__}
-
-    pyopenssl_info = {
-        'version': None,
-        'openssl_version': '',
-    }
-    if OpenSSL:
-        pyopenssl_info = {
-            'version': OpenSSL.__version__,
-            'openssl_version': '%x' % OpenSSL.SSL.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER,
-        }
-    cryptography_info = {
-        'version': getattr(cryptography, '__version__', ''),
-    }
-    idna_info = {
-        'version': getattr(idna, '__version__', ''),
-    }
-
-    system_ssl = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
-    system_ssl_info = {
-        'version': '%x' % system_ssl if system_ssl is not None else ''
-    }
-
-    return {
-        'platform': platform_info,
-        'implementation': implementation_info,
-        'system_ssl': system_ssl_info,
-        'using_pyopenssl': pyopenssl is not None,
-        'pyOpenSSL': pyopenssl_info,
-        'urllib3': urllib3_info,
-        'chardet': chardet_info,
-        'cryptography': cryptography_info,
-        'idna': idna_info,
-        'requests': {
-            'version': requests_version,
-        },
-    }
-
-
-def main():
-    """Pretty-print the bug information as JSON."""
-    print(json.dumps(info(), sort_keys=True, indent=2))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

requests/hooks.py

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""
-requests.hooks
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This module provides the capabilities for the Requests hooks system.
-
-Available hooks:
-
-``response``:
-    The response generated from a Request.
-"""
-HOOKS = ['response']
-
-
-def default_hooks():
-    return {event: [] for event in HOOKS}
-
-# TODO: response is the only one
-
-
-def dispatch_hook(key, hooks, hook_data, **kwargs):
-    """Dispatches a hook dictionary on a given piece of data."""
-    hooks = hooks or {}
-    hooks = hooks.get(key)
-    if hooks:
-        if hasattr(hooks, '__call__'):
-            hooks = [hooks]
-        for hook in hooks:
-            _hook_data = hook(hook_data, **kwargs)
-            if _hook_data is not None:
-                hook_data = _hook_data
-    return hook_data

requests/packages.py

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-# This code exists for backwards compatibility reasons.
-# I don't like it either. Just look the other way. :)
-
-for package in ('urllib3', 'idna', 'chardet'):
-    locals()[package] = __import__(package)
-    # This traversal is apparently necessary such that the identities are
-    # preserved (requests.packages.urllib3.* is urllib3.*)
-    for mod in list(sys.modules):
-        if mod == package or mod.startswith(package + '.'):
-            sys.modules['requests.packages.' + mod] = sys.modules[mod]
-
-# Kinda cool, though, right?

requests/status_codes.py

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-r"""
-The ``codes`` object defines a mapping from common names for HTTP statuses
-to their numerical codes, accessible either as attributes or as dictionary
-items.
-
-Example::
-
-    >>> import requests
-    >>> requests.codes['temporary_redirect']
-    307
-    >>> requests.codes.teapot
-    418
-    >>> requests.codes['\o/']
-    200
-
-Some codes have multiple names, and both upper- and lower-case versions of
-the names are allowed. For example, ``codes.ok``, ``codes.OK``, and
-``codes.okay`` all correspond to the HTTP status code 200.
-"""
-
-from .structures import LookupDict
-
-_codes = {
-
-    # Informational.
-    100: ('continue',),
-    101: ('switching_protocols',),
-    102: ('processing',),
-    103: ('checkpoint',),
-    122: ('uri_too_long', 'request_uri_too_long'),
-    200: ('ok', 'okay', 'all_ok', 'all_okay', 'all_good', '\\o/', '✓'),
-    201: ('created',),
-    202: ('accepted',),
-    203: ('non_authoritative_info', 'non_authoritative_information'),
-    204: ('no_content',),
-    205: ('reset_content', 'reset'),
-    206: ('partial_content', 'partial'),
-    207: ('multi_status', 'multiple_status', 'multi_stati', 'multiple_stati'),
-    208: ('already_reported',),
-    226: ('im_used',),
-
-    # Redirection.
-    300: ('multiple_choices',),
-    301: ('moved_permanently', 'moved', '\\o-'),
-    302: ('found',),
-    303: ('see_other', 'other'),
-    304: ('not_modified',),
-    305: ('use_proxy',),
-    306: ('switch_proxy',),
-    307: ('temporary_redirect', 'temporary_moved', 'temporary'),
-    308: ('permanent_redirect',
-          'resume_incomplete', 'resume',),  # These 2 to be removed in 3.0
-
-    # Client Error.
-    400: ('bad_request', 'bad'),
-    401: ('unauthorized',),
-    402: ('payment_required', 'payment'),
-    403: ('forbidden',),
-    404: ('not_found', '-o-'),
-    405: ('method_not_allowed', 'not_allowed'),
-    406: ('not_acceptable',),
-    407: ('proxy_authentication_required', 'proxy_auth', 'proxy_authentication'),
-    408: ('request_timeout', 'timeout'),
-    409: ('conflict',),
-    410: ('gone',),
-    411: ('length_required',),
-    412: ('precondition_failed', 'precondition'),
-    413: ('request_entity_too_large',),
-    414: ('request_uri_too_large',),
-    415: ('unsupported_media_type', 'unsupported_media', 'media_type'),
-    416: ('requested_range_not_satisfiable', 'requested_range', 'range_not_satisfiable'),
-    417: ('expectation_failed',),
-    418: ('im_a_teapot', 'teapot', 'i_am_a_teapot'),
-    421: ('misdirected_request',),
-    422: ('unprocessable_entity', 'unprocessable'),
-    423: ('locked',),
-    424: ('failed_dependency', 'dependency'),
-    425: ('unordered_collection', 'unordered'),
-    426: ('upgrade_required', 'upgrade'),
-    428: ('precondition_required', 'precondition'),
-    429: ('too_many_requests', 'too_many'),
-    431: ('header_fields_too_large', 'fields_too_large'),
-    444: ('no_response', 'none'),
-    449: ('retry_with', 'retry'),
-    450: ('blocked_by_windows_parental_controls', 'parental_controls'),
-    451: ('unavailable_for_legal_reasons', 'legal_reasons'),
-    499: ('client_closed_request',),
-
-    # Server Error.
-    500: ('internal_server_error', 'server_error', '/o\\', '✗'),
-    501: ('not_implemented',),
-    502: ('bad_gateway',),
-    503: ('service_unavailable', 'unavailable'),
-    504: ('gateway_timeout',),
-    505: ('http_version_not_supported', 'http_version'),
-    506: ('variant_also_negotiates',),
-    507: ('insufficient_storage',),
-    509: ('bandwidth_limit_exceeded', 'bandwidth'),
-    510: ('not_extended',),
-    511: ('network_authentication_required', 'network_auth', 'network_authentication'),
-}
-
-codes = LookupDict(name='status_codes')
-
-def _init():
-    for code, titles in _codes.items():
-        for title in titles:
-            setattr(codes, title, code)
-            if not title.startswith(('\\', '/')):
-                setattr(codes, title.upper(), code)
-
-    def doc(code):
-        names = ', '.join('``%s``' % n for n in _codes[code])
-        return '* %d: %s' % (code, names)
-
-    global __doc__
-    __doc__ = (__doc__ + '\n' +
-               '\n'.join(doc(code) for code in sorted(_codes))
-               if __doc__ is not None else None)
-
-_init()

requests/structures.py

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""
-requests.structures
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Data structures that power Requests.
-"""
-
-from collections import OrderedDict
-
-from .compat import Mapping, MutableMapping
-
-
-class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
-    """A case-insensitive ``dict``-like object.
-
-    Implements all methods and operations of
-    ``MutableMapping`` as well as dict's ``copy``. Also
-    provides ``lower_items``.
-
-    All keys are expected to be strings. The structure remembers the
-    case of the last key to be set, and ``iter(instance)``,
-    ``keys()``, ``items()``, ``iterkeys()``, and ``iteritems()``
-    will contain case-sensitive keys. However, querying and contains
-    testing is case insensitive::
-
-        cid = CaseInsensitiveDict()
-        cid['Accept'] = 'application/json'
-        cid['aCCEPT'] == 'application/json'  # True
-        list(cid) == ['Accept']  # True
-
-    For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
-    value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header, regardless
-    of how the header name was originally stored.
-
-    If the constructor, ``.update``, or equality comparison
-    operations are given keys that have equal ``.lower()``s, the
-    behavior is undefined.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, data=None, **kwargs):
-        self._store = OrderedDict()
-        if data is None:
-            data = {}
-        self.update(data, **kwargs)
-
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        # Use the lowercased key for lookups, but store the actual
-        # key alongside the value.
-        self._store[key.lower()] = (key, value)
-
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
-        return self._store[key.lower()][1]
-
-    def __delitem__(self, key):
-        del self._store[key.lower()]
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        return (casedkey for casedkey, mappedvalue in self._store.values())
-
-    def __len__(self):
-        return len(self._store)
-
-    def lower_items(self):
-        """Like iteritems(), but with all lowercase keys."""
-        return (
-            (lowerkey, keyval[1])
-            for (lowerkey, keyval)
-            in self._store.items()
-        )
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other, Mapping):
-            other = CaseInsensitiveDict(other)
-        else:
-            return NotImplemented
-        # Compare insensitively
-        return dict(self.lower_items()) == dict(other.lower_items())
-
-    # Copy is required
-    def copy(self):
-        return CaseInsensitiveDict(self._store.values())
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return str(dict(self.items()))
-
-
-class LookupDict(dict):
-    """Dictionary lookup object."""
-
-    def __init__(self, name=None):
-        self.name = name
-        super(LookupDict, self).__init__()
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return '<lookup \'%s\'>' % (self.name)
-
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
-        # We allow fall-through here, so values default to None
-
-        return self.__dict__.get(key, None)
-
-    def get(self, key, default=None):
-        return self.__dict__.get(key, default)

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-e .[socks]
+pytest>=2.8.0,<10
+pytest-cov
+pytest-httpbin==2.1.0
+httpbin~=0.10.0
+trustme
+wheel

setup.cfg

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-[bdist_wheel]
-universal = 1
-
-[metadata]
-license_file = LICENSE

setup.py

@@ -1,113 +1,9 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Learn more: https://github.com/kennethreitz/setup.py
-import os
-import re
 import sys
 
-from codecs import open
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):  # noqa: UP036
+    sys.stderr.write("Requests requires Python 3.10 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
 
 from setuptools import setup
-from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
 
-here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-
-class PyTest(TestCommand):
-    user_options = [('pytest-args=', 'a', "Arguments to pass into py.test")]
-
-    def initialize_options(self):
-        TestCommand.initialize_options(self)
-        try:
-            from multiprocessing import cpu_count
-            self.pytest_args = ['-n', str(cpu_count()), '--boxed']
-        except (ImportError, NotImplementedError):
-            self.pytest_args = ['-n', '1', '--boxed']
-
-    def finalize_options(self):
-        TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
-        self.test_args = []
-        self.test_suite = True
-
-    def run_tests(self):
-        import pytest
-
-        errno = pytest.main(self.pytest_args)
-        sys.exit(errno)
-
-# 'setup.py publish' shortcut.
-if sys.argv[-1] == 'publish':
-    os.system('python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel')
-    os.system('twine upload dist/*')
-    sys.exit()
-
-packages = ['requests']
-
-requires = [
-    'chardet>=3.0.2,<4',
-    'idna>=2.5,<3',
-    'urllib3>=1.21.1,<1.26,!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1',
-    'certifi>=2017.4.17'
-
-]
-test_requirements = [
-    'pytest-httpbin==0.0.7',
-    'pytest-cov',
-    'pytest-mock',
-    'pytest-xdist',
-    'PySocks>=1.5.6, !=1.5.7',
-    'pytest>=3'
-]
-
-about = {}
-with open(os.path.join(here, 'requests', '__version__.py'), 'r', 'utf-8') as f:
-    exec(f.read(), about)
-
-with open('README.md', 'r', 'utf-8') as f:
-    readme = f.read()
-with open('HISTORY.md', 'r', 'utf-8') as f:
-    history = f.read()
-
-setup(
-    name=about['__title__'],
-    version=about['__version__'],
-    description=about['__description__'],
-    long_description=readme,
-    long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
-    author=about['__author__'],
-    author_email=about['__author_email__'],
-    url=about['__url__'],
-    packages=packages,
-    package_data={'': ['LICENSE', 'NOTICE'], 'requests': ['*.pem']},
-    package_dir={'requests': 'requests'},
-    include_package_data=True,
-    python_requires=">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*",
-    install_requires=requires,
-    license=about['__license__'],
-    zip_safe=False,
-    classifiers=[
-        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'Natural Language :: English',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy'
-    ],
-    cmdclass={'test': PyTest},
-    tests_require=test_requirements,
-    extras_require={
-        'security': ['pyOpenSSL >= 0.14', 'cryptography>=1.3.4'],
-        'socks': ['PySocks>=1.5.6, !=1.5.7'],
-        'socks:sys_platform == "win32" and python_version == "2.7"': ['win_inet_pton'],
-    },
-    project_urls={
-        'Documentation': 'https://requests.readthedocs.io',
-        'Source': 'https://github.com/psf/requests',
-    },
-)
+setup()

src/requests/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#   __
+#  /__)  _  _     _   _ _/   _
+# / (   (- (/ (/ (- _)  /  _)
+#          /
+
+"""
+Requests HTTP Library
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.
+Basic GET usage:
+
+   >>> import requests
+   >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
+   >>> r.status_code
+   200
+   >>> b'Python is a programming language' in r.content
+   True
+
+... or POST:
+
+   >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+   >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
+   >>> print(r.text)
+   {
+     ...
+     "form": {
+       "key1": "value1",
+       "key2": "value2"
+     },
+     ...
+   }
+
+The other HTTP methods are supported - see `requests.api`. Full documentation
+is at <https://requests.readthedocs.io>.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2017 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+import urllib3
+
+from .exceptions import RequestsDependencyWarning
+
+try:
+    from charset_normalizer import __version__ as charset_normalizer_version
+except ImportError:
+    charset_normalizer_version = None
+
+try:
+    from chardet import __version__ as chardet_version  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+except ImportError:
+    chardet_version = None
+
+
+def check_compatibility(
+    urllib3_version: str,
+    chardet_version: str | None,
+    charset_normalizer_version: str | None,
+) -> None:
+    urllib3_version_list = urllib3_version.split(".")[:3]
+    assert urllib3_version_list != ["dev"]  # Verify urllib3 isn't installed from git.
+
+    # Sometimes, urllib3 only reports its version as 16.1.
+    if len(urllib3_version_list) == 2:
+        urllib3_version_list.append("0")
+
+    # Check urllib3 for compatibility.
+    major, minor, patch = urllib3_version_list  # noqa: F811
+    major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+    # urllib3 >= 1.21.1
+    assert major >= 1
+    if major == 1:
+        assert minor >= 21
+
+    # Check charset_normalizer for compatibility.
+    if chardet_version:
+        major, minor, patch = chardet_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # chardet_version >= 3.0.2, < 8.0.0
+        assert (3, 0, 2) <= (major, minor, patch) < (8, 0, 0)
+    elif charset_normalizer_version:
+        major, minor, patch = charset_normalizer_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # charset_normalizer >= 2.0.0 < 4.0.0
+        assert (2, 0, 0) <= (major, minor, patch) < (4, 0, 0)
+    else:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Unable to find acceptable character detection dependency "
+            "(chardet or charset_normalizer).",
+            RequestsDependencyWarning,
+        )
+
+
+def _check_cryptography(cryptography_version: str) -> None:
+    # cryptography < 1.3.4
+    try:
+        cryptography_version_list = list(map(int, cryptography_version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        return
+
+    if cryptography_version_list < [1, 3, 4]:
+        warning = f"Old version of cryptography ({cryptography_version_list}) may cause slowdown."
+        warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning)
+
+
+# Check imported dependencies for compatibility.
+try:
+    check_compatibility(
+        urllib3.__version__,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
+        chardet_version,  # type: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+        charset_normalizer_version,
+    )
+except (AssertionError, ValueError):
+    warnings.warn(
+        f"urllib3 ({urllib3.__version__}) or chardet "  # type: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
+        f"({chardet_version})/charset_normalizer ({charset_normalizer_version}) "
+        "doesn't match a supported version!",
+        RequestsDependencyWarning,
+    )
+
+# Attempt to enable urllib3's fallback for SNI support
+# if the standard library doesn't support SNI or the
+# 'ssl' library isn't available.
+try:
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        ssl = None
+
+    if not getattr(ssl, "HAS_SNI", False):
+        from urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+        # Check cryptography version
+        from cryptography import (  # type: ignore[reportMissingImports]
+            __version__ as cryptography_version,  # type: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
+        )
+
+        _check_cryptography(cryptography_version)  # type: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+# urllib3's DependencyWarnings should be silenced.
+from urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DependencyWarning)
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import packages, utils
+from .__version__ import (
+    __author__,
+    __author_email__,
+    __build__,
+    __cake__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __description__,
+    __license__,
+    __title__,
+    __url__,
+    __version__,
+)
+from .api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    FileModeWarning,
+    HTTPError,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RequestException,
+    Timeout,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    URLRequired,
+)
+from .models import PreparedRequest, Request, Response
+from .sessions import Session, session
+from .status_codes import codes
+
+__all__ = (
+    "ConnectionError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "JSONDecodeError",
+    "PreparedRequest",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestException",
+    "Response",
+    "Session",
+    "Timeout",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "URLRequired",
+    "codes",
+    "delete",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "options",
+    "packages",
+    "patch",
+    "post",
+    "put",
+    "request",
+    "session",
+    "utils",
+)
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+# FileModeWarnings go off per the default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", FileModeWarning, append=True)

src/requests/__version__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# .-. .-. .-. . . .-. .-. .-. .-.
+# |(  |-  |.| | | |-  `-.  |  `-.
+# ' ' `-' `-`.`-' `-' `-'  '  `-'
+
+__title__ = "requests"
+__description__ = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+__url__ = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
+__version__ = "2.34.0.dev1"
+__build__ = 0x023400
+__author__ = "Kenneth Reitz"
+__author_email__ = "me@kennethreitz.org"
+__license__ = "Apache-2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright Kenneth Reitz"
+__cake__ = "\u2728 \U0001f370 \u2728"

src/requests/_internal_utils.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """
 requests._internal_utils
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -8,10 +6,24 @@ Provides utility functions that are consumed internally by Requests
 which depend on extremely few external helpers (such as compat)
 """
 
-from .compat import is_py2, builtin_str, str
+import re
+
+from .compat import builtin_str
+
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*\Z")
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*\Z")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^\S[^\r\n]*\Z|^\Z")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^\S[^\r\n]*\Z|^\Z")
+
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR)
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE)
+HEADER_VALIDATORS = {
+    bytes: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    str: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+}
 
 
-def to_native_string(string, encoding='ascii'):
+def to_native_string(string: str | bytes, encoding: str = "ascii") -> str:
     """Given a string object, regardless of type, returns a representation of
     that string in the native string type, encoding and decoding where
     necessary. This assumes ASCII unless told otherwise.
@@ -19,15 +31,12 @@ def to_native_string(string, encoding='ascii'):
     if isinstance(string, builtin_str):
         out = string
     else:
-        if is_py2:
-            out = string.encode(encoding)
-        else:
-            out = string.decode(encoding)
+        out = string.decode(encoding)
 
     return out
 
 
-def unicode_is_ascii(u_string):
+def unicode_is_ascii(u_string: str) -> bool:
     """Determine if unicode string only contains ASCII characters.
 
     :param str u_string: unicode string to check. Must be unicode
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ def unicode_is_ascii(u_string):
     """
     assert isinstance(u_string, str)
     try:
-        u_string.encode('ascii')
+        u_string.encode("ascii")
         return True
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
         return False

src/requests/_types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""
+requests._types
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains type aliases used internally by the Requests library.
+These types are not part of the public API and must not be relied upon
+by external code.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Protocol,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    runtime_checkable,
+)
+
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class SupportsRead(Protocol[_T_co]):
+    def read(self, length: int = ..., /) -> _T_co: ...
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class SupportsItems(Protocol):
+    def items(self) -> Iterable[tuple[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+
+# These are needed at runtime for default_hooks() return type
+HookType: TypeAlias = Callable[["Response"], Any]
+HooksInputType: TypeAlias = Mapping[str, Iterable[HookType] | HookType]
+
+
+def is_prepared(request: PreparedRequest) -> TypeIs[_ValidatedRequest]:
+    """Verify a PreparedRequest has been fully prepared."""
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        return request.url is not None and request.method is not None
+    # noop at runtime to avoid AssertionError
+    return True
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+    from typing import TypeAlias, TypedDict
+
+    from typing_extensions import (
+        Buffer,  # TODO: move to collections.abc when Python >= 3.12
+        TypeIs,  # TODO: move to typing when Python >= 3.13
+    )
+
+    from .auth import AuthBase
+    from .cookies import RequestsCookieJar
+    from .models import PreparedRequest, Response
+    from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+    class _ValidatedRequest(PreparedRequest):
+        """Subtype asserting a PreparedRequest has been fully prepared before calling.
+
+        The override suppression is required because mutable attribute types are
+        invariant (Liskov), but we only narrow after preparation is complete. This
+        is the explicit contract for Requests but Python's typing doesn't have a
+        better way to represent the requirement.
+        """
+
+        url: str  # type: ignore[reportIncompatibleVariableOverride]
+        method: str  # type: ignore[reportIncompatibleVariableOverride]
+
+    # Type aliases for core API concepts (ordered by request() signature)
+    UriType: TypeAlias = str | bytes
+
+    _ParamsMappingKeyType: TypeAlias = str | bytes | int | float
+    _ParamsMappingValueType: TypeAlias = (
+        str | bytes | int | float | Iterable[str | bytes | int | float] | None
+    )
+    ParamsType: TypeAlias = (
+        Mapping[_ParamsMappingKeyType, _ParamsMappingValueType]
+        | tuple[tuple[_ParamsMappingKeyType, _ParamsMappingValueType], ...]
+        | Iterable[tuple[_ParamsMappingKeyType, _ParamsMappingValueType]]
+        | str
+        | bytes
+        | None
+    )
+
+    KVDataType: TypeAlias = Iterable[tuple[Any, Any]] | Mapping[Any, Any]
+
+    RawDataType: TypeAlias = KVDataType | str | bytes
+    StreamDataType: TypeAlias = SupportsRead[str | bytes]
+    EncodableDataType: TypeAlias = RawDataType | StreamDataType
+
+    DataType: TypeAlias = (
+        KVDataType
+        | Iterable[bytes | str]
+        | str
+        | bytes
+        | Buffer
+        | SupportsRead[str | bytes]
+        | None
+    )
+
+    BodyType: TypeAlias = (
+        bytes | str | Iterable[bytes | str] | SupportsRead[bytes | str] | None
+    )
+
+    HeadersType: TypeAlias = CaseInsensitiveDict[str] | Mapping[str, str | bytes]
+    HeadersUpdateType: TypeAlias = Mapping[str, str | bytes | None]
+
+    CookiesType: TypeAlias = RequestsCookieJar | CookieJar | None
+
+    # Building blocks for FilesType
+    _FileName: TypeAlias = str | None
+    _FileContent: TypeAlias = SupportsRead[str | bytes] | str | bytes
+    _FileSpecBasic: TypeAlias = tuple[_FileName, _FileContent]
+    _FileSpecWithContentType: TypeAlias = tuple[_FileName, _FileContent, str]
+    _FileSpecWithHeaders: TypeAlias = tuple[
+        _FileName, _FileContent, str, CaseInsensitiveDict[str] | Mapping[str, str]
+    ]
+    _FileSpec: TypeAlias = (
+        _FileContent | _FileSpecBasic | _FileSpecWithContentType | _FileSpecWithHeaders
+    )
+    FilesType: TypeAlias = (
+        Mapping[str, _FileSpec] | Iterable[tuple[str, _FileSpec]] | None
+    )
+
+    AuthType: TypeAlias = (
+        tuple[str, str] | AuthBase | Callable[[PreparedRequest], PreparedRequest] | None
+    )
+
+    TimeoutType: TypeAlias = float | tuple[float | None, float | None] | None
+    ProxiesType: TypeAlias = MutableMapping[str, str]
+    HooksType: TypeAlias = dict[str, list[HookType]] | None
+    VerifyType: TypeAlias = bool | str
+    CertType: TypeAlias = str | tuple[str, str] | None
+    JsonType: TypeAlias = (
+        None | bool | int | float | str | list["JsonType"] | dict[str, "JsonType"]
+    )
+
+    # TypedDicts for Unpack kwargs (PEP 692)
+
+    class BaseRequestKwargs(TypedDict, total=False):
+        headers: Mapping[str, str | bytes] | None
+        cookies: RequestsCookieJar | CookieJar | dict[str, str] | None
+        files: FilesType
+        auth: AuthType
+        timeout: TimeoutType
+        allow_redirects: bool
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None
+        hooks: HooksType
+        stream: bool | None
+        verify: VerifyType | None
+        cert: CertType
+
+    class RequestKwargs(BaseRequestKwargs, total=False):
+        """kwargs for request(), options(), head(), delete()."""
+
+        params: ParamsType
+        data: DataType
+        json: JsonType
+
+    class GetKwargs(BaseRequestKwargs, total=False):
+        data: DataType
+        json: JsonType
+
+    class PostKwargs(BaseRequestKwargs, total=False):
+        params: ParamsType
+
+    class DataKwargs(BaseRequestKwargs, total=False):
+        """kwargs for put(), patch()."""
+
+        params: ParamsType
+        json: JsonType

src/requests/adapters.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """
 requests.adapters
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -8,58 +6,134 @@ This module contains the transport adapters that Requests uses to define
 and maintain connections.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os.path
-import socket
+import socket  # noqa: F401  # type: ignore[reportUnusedImport]
+import typing
+import warnings
+from typing import Any
 
-from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url
-from urllib3.response import HTTPResponse
-from urllib3.util import parse_url
-from urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce
-from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
-from urllib3.exceptions import ClosedPoolError
-from urllib3.exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError
+from urllib3.exceptions import (
+    ClosedPoolError,
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseError,
+)
 from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError
-from urllib3.exceptions import MaxRetryError
-from urllib3.exceptions import NewConnectionError
+from urllib3.exceptions import InvalidHeader as _InvalidHeader
 from urllib3.exceptions import ProxyError as _ProxyError
-from urllib3.exceptions import ProtocolError
-from urllib3.exceptions import ReadTimeoutError
 from urllib3.exceptions import SSLError as _SSLError
-from urllib3.exceptions import ResponseError
-from urllib3.exceptions import LocationValueError
+from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url
+from urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce
+from urllib3.util import parse_url
+from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
 
-from .models import Response
-from .compat import urlparse, basestring
-from .utils import (DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH, extract_zipped_paths,
-                    get_encoding_from_headers, prepend_scheme_if_needed,
-                    get_auth_from_url, urldefragauth, select_proxy)
-from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+from .compat import basestring, urlparse
 from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
-from .exceptions import (ConnectionError, ConnectTimeout, ReadTimeout, SSLError,
-                         ProxyError, RetryError, InvalidSchema, InvalidProxyURL,
-                         InvalidURL)
-from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidProxyURL,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    InvalidURL,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RetryError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .models import Response
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_encoding_from_headers,
+    prepend_scheme_if_needed,
+    select_proxy,
+    urldefragauth,
+)
 
 try:
-    from urllib3.contrib.socks import SOCKSProxyManager
+    from urllib3.contrib.socks import SOCKSProxyManager  # type: ignore[assignment]
 except ImportError:
-    def SOCKSProxyManager(*args, **kwargs):
+
+    def SOCKSProxyManager(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         raise InvalidSchema("Missing dependencies for SOCKS support.")
 
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from urllib3.connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool
+    from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager as _PoolManager
+
+    from . import _types as _t
+    from .models import PreparedRequest
+
+from ._types import is_prepared as _is_prepared
+
 DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK = False
 DEFAULT_POOLSIZE = 10
 DEFAULT_RETRIES = 0
 DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT = None
 
 
-class BaseAdapter(object):
+def _urllib3_request_context(
+    request: PreparedRequest,
+    verify: bool | str | None,
+    client_cert: tuple[str, str] | str | None,
+    poolmanager: PoolManager,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
+    host_params: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    pool_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    parsed_request_url = urlparse(request.url)
+    scheme = parsed_request_url.scheme.lower()
+    port = parsed_request_url.port
+
+    cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+    if verify is False:
+        cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
+    elif isinstance(verify, str):
+        if not os.path.isdir(verify):
+            pool_kwargs["ca_certs"] = verify
+        else:
+            pool_kwargs["ca_cert_dir"] = verify
+    pool_kwargs["cert_reqs"] = cert_reqs
+    if client_cert is not None:
+        if isinstance(client_cert, tuple) and len(client_cert) == 2:
+            pool_kwargs["cert_file"] = client_cert[0]
+            pool_kwargs["key_file"] = client_cert[1]
+        else:
+            # According to our docs, we allow users to specify just the client
+            # cert path
+            pool_kwargs["cert_file"] = client_cert
+    host_params = {
+        "scheme": scheme,
+        "host": parsed_request_url.hostname,
+        "port": port,
+    }
+    return host_params, pool_kwargs
+
+
+class BaseAdapter:
     """The Base Transport Adapter"""
 
-    def __init__(self):
-        super(BaseAdapter, self).__init__()
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
 
-    def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True,
-             cert=None, proxies=None):
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: _t.TimeoutType = None,
+        verify: _t.VerifyType = True,
+        cert: _t.CertType = None,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
         """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
 
         :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
@@ -76,7 +150,7 @@ class BaseAdapter(object):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         """Cleans up adapter specific items."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -107,31 +181,42 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
       >>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3)
       >>> s.mount('http://', a)
     """
-    __attrs__ = ['max_retries', 'config', '_pool_connections', '_pool_maxsize',
-                 '_pool_block']
 
-    def __init__(self, pool_connections=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
-                 pool_maxsize=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE, max_retries=DEFAULT_RETRIES,
-                 pool_block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK):
+    __attrs__: list[str] = [
+        "max_retries",
+        "config",
+        "_pool_connections",
+        "_pool_maxsize",
+        "_pool_block",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pool_connections: int = DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        pool_maxsize: int = DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        max_retries: int | Retry = DEFAULT_RETRIES,
+        pool_block: bool = DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+    ) -> None:
         if max_retries == DEFAULT_RETRIES:
-            self.max_retries = Retry(0, read=False)
+            self.max_retries: Retry = Retry(0, read=False)
         else:
             self.max_retries = Retry.from_int(max_retries)
-        self.config = {}
-        self.proxy_manager = {}
+        self.config: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.proxy_manager: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-        super(HTTPAdapter, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
 
-        self._pool_connections = pool_connections
-        self._pool_maxsize = pool_maxsize
-        self._pool_block = pool_block
+        self._pool_connections: int = pool_connections
+        self._pool_maxsize: int = pool_maxsize
+        self._pool_block: bool = pool_block
 
+        self.poolmanager: _PoolManager
         self.init_poolmanager(pool_connections, pool_maxsize, block=pool_block)
 
-    def __getstate__(self):
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         # Can't handle by adding 'proxy_manager' to self.__attrs__ because
         # self.poolmanager uses a lambda function, which isn't pickleable.
         self.proxy_manager = {}
@@ -140,10 +225,17 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         for attr, value in state.items():
             setattr(self, attr, value)
 
-        self.init_poolmanager(self._pool_connections, self._pool_maxsize,
-                              block=self._pool_block)
+        self.init_poolmanager(
+            self._pool_connections, self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block
+        )
 
-    def init_poolmanager(self, connections, maxsize, block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, **pool_kwargs):
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self,
+        connections: int,
+        maxsize: int,
+        block: bool = DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+        **pool_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         """Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager.
 
         This method should not be called from user code, and is only
@@ -160,10 +252,14 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         self._pool_maxsize = maxsize
         self._pool_block = block
 
-        self.poolmanager = PoolManager(num_pools=connections, maxsize=maxsize,
-                                       block=block, strict=True, **pool_kwargs)
+        self.poolmanager = PoolManager(
+            num_pools=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
 
-    def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy, **proxy_kwargs):
+    def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy: str, **proxy_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         """Return urllib3 ProxyManager for the given proxy.
 
         This method should not be called from user code, and is only
@@ -177,7 +273,7 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         """
         if proxy in self.proxy_manager:
             manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy]
-        elif proxy.lower().startswith('socks'):
+        elif proxy.lower().startswith("socks"):
             username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
             manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = SOCKSProxyManager(
                 proxy,
@@ -186,7 +282,7 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
                 num_pools=self._pool_connections,
                 maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
                 block=self._pool_block,
-                **proxy_kwargs
+                **proxy_kwargs,
             )
         else:
             proxy_headers = self.proxy_headers(proxy)
@@ -196,11 +292,14 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
                 num_pools=self._pool_connections,
                 maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
                 block=self._pool_block,
-                **proxy_kwargs)
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
 
         return manager
 
-    def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self, conn: Any, url: str, verify: _t.VerifyType, cert: _t.CertType
+    ) -> None:
         """Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user
         code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
         :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
@@ -212,8 +311,7 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
             to a CA bundle to use
         :param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
         """
-        if url.lower().startswith('https') and verify:
-
+        if url.lower().startswith("https") and verify:
             cert_loc = None
 
             # Allow self-specified cert location.
@@ -221,20 +319,22 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
                 cert_loc = verify
 
             if not cert_loc:
-                cert_loc = extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH)
+                cert_loc = DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
 
             if not cert_loc or not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
-                raise IOError("Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
-                              "invalid path: {}".format(cert_loc))
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
+                    f"invalid path: {cert_loc}"
+                )
 
-            conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_REQUIRED'
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
 
             if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
                 conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
             else:
                 conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
         else:
-            conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_NONE'
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
             conn.ca_certs = None
             conn.ca_cert_dir = None
 
@@ -246,13 +346,16 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
                 conn.cert_file = cert
                 conn.key_file = None
             if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file):
-                raise IOError("Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
-                              "invalid path: {}".format(conn.cert_file))
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
+                    f"invalid path: {conn.cert_file}"
+                )
             if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file):
-                raise IOError("Could not find the TLS key file, "
-                              "invalid path: {}".format(conn.key_file))
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS key file, invalid path: {conn.key_file}"
+                )
 
-    def build_response(self, req, resp):
+    def build_response(self, req: PreparedRequest, resp: Any) -> Response:
         """Builds a :class:`Response <requests.Response>` object from a urllib3
         response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed
         for use when subclassing the
@@ -262,13 +365,14 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         :param resp: The urllib3 response object.
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
+        assert _is_prepared(req)
         response = Response()
 
         # Fallback to None if there's no status_code, for whatever reason.
-        response.status_code = getattr(resp, 'status', None)
+        response.status_code = getattr(resp, "status", None)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         # Make headers case-insensitive.
-        response.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(getattr(resp, 'headers', {}))
+        response.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(getattr(resp, "headers", {}))
 
         # Set encoding.
         response.encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
@@ -276,7 +380,7 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         response.reason = response.raw.reason
 
         if isinstance(req.url, bytes):
-            response.url = req.url.decode('utf-8')
+            response.url = req.url.decode("utf-8")
         else:
             response.url = req.url
 
@@ -289,23 +393,148 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
 
         return response
 
-    def get_connection(self, url, proxies=None):
-        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
+    def build_connection_pool_key_attributes(
+        self, request: PreparedRequest, verify: _t.VerifyType, cert: _t.CertType = None
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Build the PoolKey attributes used by urllib3 to return a connection.
+
+        This looks at the PreparedRequest, the user-specified verify value,
+        and the value of the cert parameter to determine what PoolKey values
+        to use to select a connection from a given urllib3 Connection Pool.
+
+        The SSL related pool key arguments are not consistently set. As of
+        this writing, use the following to determine what keys may be in that
+        dictionary:
+
+        * If ``verify`` is ``True``, ``"ssl_context"`` will be set and will be the
+          default Requests SSL Context
+        * If ``verify`` is ``False``, ``"ssl_context"`` will not be set but
+          ``"cert_reqs"`` will be set
+        * If ``verify`` is a string, (i.e., it is a user-specified trust bundle)
+          ``"ca_certs"`` will be set if the string is not a directory recognized
+          by :py:func:`os.path.isdir`, otherwise ``"ca_cert_dir"`` will be
+          set.
+        * If ``"cert"`` is specified, ``"cert_file"`` will always be set. If
+          ``"cert"`` is a tuple with a second item, ``"key_file"`` will also
+          be present
+
+        To override these settings, one may subclass this class, call this
+        method and use the above logic to change parameters as desired. For
+        example, if one wishes to use a custom :py:class:`ssl.SSLContext` one
+        must both set ``"ssl_context"`` and based on what else they require,
+        alter the other keys to ensure the desired behaviour.
+
+        :param request:
+            The PreparedRequest being sent over the connection.
+        :type request:
+            :class:`~requests.models.PreparedRequest`
+        :param verify:
+            Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
+            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
+            must be a path to a CA bundle to use.
+        :param cert:
+            (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate for client
+            authentication (a.k.a., mTLS). This may be a string (i.e., just
+            the path to a file which holds both certificate and key) or a
+            tuple of length 2 with the certificate file path and key file
+            path.
+        :returns:
+            A tuple of two dictionaries. The first is the "host parameters"
+            portion of the Pool Key including scheme, hostname, and port. The
+            second is a dictionary of SSLContext related parameters.
+        """
+        return _urllib3_request_context(request, verify, cert, self.poolmanager)
+
+    def get_connection_with_tls_context(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        verify: _t.VerifyType,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        cert: _t.CertType = None,
+    ) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
+        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given request and TLS settings.
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request:
+            The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to be sent
+            over the connection.
+        :param verify:
+            Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the
+            server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a
+            path to a CA bundle to use.
+        :param proxies:
+            (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        :param cert:
+            (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be used for client
+            authentication (a.k.a., mTLS).
+        :rtype:
+            urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool
+        """
+        assert _is_prepared(request)
+
+        proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
+        try:
+            host_params, pool_kwargs = self.build_connection_pool_key_attributes(
+                request,
+                verify,
+                cert,
+            )
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
+        if proxy:
+            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http")
+            proxy_url = parse_url(proxy)
+            if not proxy_url.host:
+                raise InvalidProxyURL(
+                    "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed "
+                    "and could be missing the host."
+                )
+            proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy)
+            conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_host(
+                **host_params, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            # Only scheme should be lower case
+            conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_host(
+                **host_params, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+    def get_connection(
+        self, url: str, proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    ) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
+        """DEPRECATED: Users should move to `get_connection_with_tls_context`
+        for all subclasses of HTTPAdapter using Requests>=2.32.2.
+
+        Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
         called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
         :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
 
         :param url: The URL to connect to.
         :param proxies: (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
-        :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool
+        :rtype: urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool
         """
+        warnings.warn(
+            (
+                "`get_connection` has been deprecated in favor of "
+                "`get_connection_with_tls_context`. Custom HTTPAdapter subclasses "
+                "will need to migrate for Requests>=2.32.2. Please see "
+                "https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6710 for more details."
+            ),
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         proxy = select_proxy(url, proxies)
 
         if proxy:
-            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, 'http')
+            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http")
             proxy_url = parse_url(proxy)
             if not proxy_url.host:
-                raise InvalidProxyURL("Please check proxy URL. It is malformed"
-                                      " and could be missing the host.")
+                raise InvalidProxyURL(
+                    "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed "
+                    "and could be missing the host."
+                )
             proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy)
             conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_url(url)
         else:
@@ -316,7 +545,7 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
 
         return conn
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         """Disposes of any internal state.
 
         Currently, this closes the PoolManager and any active ProxyManager,
@@ -326,7 +555,9 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         for proxy in self.proxy_manager.values():
             proxy.clear()
 
-    def request_url(self, request, proxies):
+    def request_url(
+        self, request: PreparedRequest, proxies: dict[str, str] | None
+    ) -> str:
         """Obtain the url to use when making the final request.
 
         If the message is being sent through a HTTP proxy, the full URL has to
@@ -340,22 +571,27 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs.
         :rtype: str
         """
+        assert _is_prepared(request)
+
         proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
         scheme = urlparse(request.url).scheme
 
-        is_proxied_http_request = (proxy and scheme != 'https')
+        is_proxied_http_request = proxy and scheme != "https"
         using_socks_proxy = False
         if proxy:
             proxy_scheme = urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower()
-            using_socks_proxy = proxy_scheme.startswith('socks')
+            using_socks_proxy = proxy_scheme.startswith("socks")
 
         url = request.path_url
+        if url.startswith("//"):  # Don't confuse urllib3
+            url = f"/{url.lstrip('/')}"
+
         if is_proxied_http_request and not using_socks_proxy:
             url = urldefragauth(request.url)
 
         return url
 
-    def add_headers(self, request, **kwargs):
+    def add_headers(self, request: PreparedRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         """Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does
         nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass
         the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
@@ -369,7 +605,7 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         """
         pass
 
-    def proxy_headers(self, proxy):
+    def proxy_headers(self, proxy: str) -> dict[str, str]:
         """Returns a dictionary of the headers to add to any request sent
         through a proxy. This works with urllib3 magic to ensure that they are
         correctly sent to the proxy, rather than in a tunnelled request if
@@ -382,16 +618,23 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         :param proxy: The url of the proxy being used for this request.
         :rtype: dict
         """
-        headers = {}
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {}
         username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
 
         if username:
-            headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = _basic_auth_str(username,
-                                                             password)
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
 
         return headers
 
-    def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None):
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: _t.TimeoutType = None,
+        verify: _t.VerifyType = True,
+        cert: _t.CertType = None,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
         """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
 
         :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
@@ -408,93 +651,58 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
+        assert _is_prepared(request)
+
         try:
-            conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
+            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
+                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
+            )
         except LocationValueError as e:
             raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
 
         self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
         url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
-        self.add_headers(request, stream=stream, timeout=timeout, verify=verify, cert=cert, proxies=proxies)
+        self.add_headers(
+            request,
+            stream=stream,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            proxies=proxies,
+        )
 
-        chunked = not (request.body is None or 'Content-Length' in request.headers)
+        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
 
         if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
             try:
                 connect, read = timeout
-                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
-            except ValueError as e:
-                # this may raise a string formatting error.
-                err = ("Invalid timeout {}. Pass a (connect, read) "
-                       "timeout tuple, or a single float to set "
-                       "both timeouts to the same value".format(timeout))
-                raise ValueError(err)
+                resolved_timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
+                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
+                )
         elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
-            pass
+            resolved_timeout = timeout
         else:
-            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
+            resolved_timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
 
         try:
-            if not chunked:
-                resp = conn.urlopen(
-                    method=request.method,
-                    url=url,
-                    body=request.body,
-                    headers=request.headers,
-                    redirect=False,
-                    assert_same_host=False,
-                    preload_content=False,
-                    decode_content=False,
-                    retries=self.max_retries,
-                    timeout=timeout
-                )
+            resp = conn.urlopen(
+                method=request.method,
+                url=url,
+                body=request.body,  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # urllib3 stubs don't accept Iterable[bytes | str]
+                headers=request.headers,  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # urllib3#3072
+                redirect=False,
+                assert_same_host=False,
+                preload_content=False,
+                decode_content=False,
+                retries=self.max_retries,
+                timeout=resolved_timeout,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
 
-            # Send the request.
-            else:
-                if hasattr(conn, 'proxy_pool'):
-                    conn = conn.proxy_pool
-
-                low_conn = conn._get_conn(timeout=DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT)
-
-                try:
-                    low_conn.putrequest(request.method,
-                                        url,
-                                        skip_accept_encoding=True)
-
-                    for header, value in request.headers.items():
-                        low_conn.putheader(header, value)
-
-                    low_conn.endheaders()
-
-                    for i in request.body:
-                        low_conn.send(hex(len(i))[2:].encode('utf-8'))
-                        low_conn.send(b'\r\n')
-                        low_conn.send(i)
-                        low_conn.send(b'\r\n')
-                    low_conn.send(b'0\r\n\r\n')
-
-                    # Receive the response from the server
-                    try:
-                        # For Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
-                        r = low_conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
-                    except TypeError:
-                        # For compatibility with Python 3.3+
-                        r = low_conn.getresponse()
-
-                    resp = HTTPResponse.from_httplib(
-                        r,
-                        pool=conn,
-                        connection=low_conn,
-                        preload_content=False,
-                        decode_content=False
-                    )
-                except:
-                    # If we hit any problems here, clean up the connection.
-                    # Then, reraise so that we can handle the actual exception.
-                    low_conn.close()
-                    raise
-
-        except (ProtocolError, socket.error) as err:
+        except (ProtocolError, OSError) as err:
             raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
 
         except MaxRetryError as e:
@@ -527,6 +735,8 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
                 raise SSLError(e, request=request)
             elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError):
                 raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, _InvalidHeader):
+                raise InvalidHeader(e, request=request)
             else:
                 raise
 

src/requests/api.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """
 requests.api
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -10,10 +8,22 @@ This module implements the Requests API.
 :license: Apache2, see LICENSE for more details.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from . import sessions
+from .models import Response
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Unpack
+
+    from . import _types as _t
 
 
-def request(method, url, **kwargs):
+def request(
+    method: str, url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]
+) -> Response:
     """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.
 
     :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object: ``GET``, ``OPTIONS``, ``HEAD``, ``POST``, ``PUT``, ``PATCH``, or ``DELETE``.
@@ -27,7 +37,7 @@ def request(method, url, **kwargs):
     :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
     :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
         ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
-        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
+        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content_type'`` is a string
         defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
         to add for the file.
     :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
@@ -61,7 +71,9 @@ def request(method, url, **kwargs):
         return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
 
 
-def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
+def get(
+    url: _t.UriType, params: _t.ParamsType = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.GetKwargs]
+) -> Response:
     r"""Sends a GET request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -72,11 +84,10 @@ def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
-    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
+    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
 
 
-def options(url, **kwargs):
+def options(url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]) -> Response:
     r"""Sends an OPTIONS request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -85,11 +96,10 @@ def options(url, **kwargs):
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
-    return request('options', url, **kwargs)
+    return request("options", url, **kwargs)
 
 
-def head(url, **kwargs):
+def head(url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]) -> Response:
     r"""Sends a HEAD request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -100,56 +110,65 @@ def head(url, **kwargs):
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', False)
-    return request('head', url, **kwargs)
+    kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+    return request("head", url, **kwargs)
 
 
-def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+def post(
+    url: _t.UriType,
+    data: _t.DataType = None,
+    json: _t.JsonType = None,
+    **kwargs: Unpack[_t.PostKwargs],
+) -> Response:
     r"""Sends a POST request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
     :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
         object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
-    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
     :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
     :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+    return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
 
 
-def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+def put(
+    url: _t.UriType, data: _t.DataType = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.DataKwargs]
+) -> Response:
     r"""Sends a PUT request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
     :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
         object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
-    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
     :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
     :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    return request('put', url, data=data, **kwargs)
+    return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)
 
 
-def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+def patch(
+    url: _t.UriType, data: _t.DataType = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.DataKwargs]
+) -> Response:
     r"""Sends a PATCH request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
     :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
         object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
-    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
     :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
     :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    return request('patch', url, data=data, **kwargs)
+    return request("patch", url, data=data, **kwargs)
 
 
-def delete(url, **kwargs):
+def delete(url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]) -> Response:
     r"""Sends a DELETE request.
 
     :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -158,4 +177,4 @@ def delete(url, **kwargs):
     :rtype: requests.Response
     """
 
-    return request('delete', url, **kwargs)
+    return request("delete", url, **kwargs)

src/requests/auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+"""
+requests.auth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the authentication handlers for Requests.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import threading
+import time
+import warnings
+from base64 import b64encode
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final, cast, overload
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import basestring, str, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .utils import parse_dict_header
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+    from typing import Any
+
+    from .models import PreparedRequest, Response
+
+CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URLENCODED: Final = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+CONTENT_TYPE_MULTI_PART: Final = "multipart/form-data"
+
+
+def _basic_auth_str(username: bytes | str, password: bytes | str) -> str:
+    """Returns a Basic Auth string."""
+
+    # "I want us to put a big-ol' comment on top of it that
+    # says that this behaviour is dumb but we need to preserve
+    # it because people are relying on it."
+    #    - Lukasa
+    #
+    # These are here solely to maintain backwards compatibility
+    # for things like ints. This will be removed in 3.0.0.
+    if not isinstance(username, basestring):  # type: ignore[reportUnnecessaryIsInstance]  # runtime guard for non-str/bytes
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string usernames will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            f"3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({username!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        username = str(username)
+
+    if not isinstance(password, basestring):  # type: ignore[reportUnnecessaryIsInstance]  # runtime guard for non-str/bytes
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string passwords will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            f"3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({type(password)!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        password = str(password)
+    # -- End Removal --
+
+    if isinstance(username, str):
+        username = username.encode("latin1")
+
+    if isinstance(password, str):
+        password = password.encode("latin1")
+
+    authstr = "Basic " + to_native_string(
+        b64encode(b":".join((username, password))).strip()
+    )
+
+    return authstr
+
+
+class AuthBase:
+    """Base class that all auth implementations derive from"""
+
+    def __call__(self, r: PreparedRequest) -> PreparedRequest:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Auth hooks must be callable.")
+
+
+class HTTPBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Basic Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, username: str, password: str) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, username: bytes, password: bytes) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(self, username: bytes | str, password: bytes | str) -> None:
+        self.username: bytes | str = username
+        self.password: bytes | str = password
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __call__(self, r: PreparedRequest) -> PreparedRequest:
+        r.headers["Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPProxyAuth(HTTPBasicAuth):
+    """Attaches HTTP Proxy Authentication to a given Request object."""
+
+    def __call__(self, r: PreparedRequest) -> PreparedRequest:
+        r.headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPDigestAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Digest Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, username: str, password: str) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, username: bytes, password: bytes) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(self, username: bytes | str, password: bytes | str) -> None:
+        self.username: bytes | str = username
+        self.password: bytes | str = password
+        # Keep state in per-thread local storage
+        self._thread_local: threading.local = threading.local()
+
+    def init_per_thread_state(self) -> None:
+        # Ensure state is initialized just once per-thread
+        if not hasattr(self._thread_local, "init"):
+            self._thread_local.init = True
+            self._thread_local.last_nonce = ""
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 0
+            self._thread_local.chal = {}
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = None
+
+    def build_digest_header(self, method: str, url: str) -> str | None:
+        """
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+
+        realm = self._thread_local.chal["realm"]
+        nonce = self._thread_local.chal["nonce"]
+        qop = self._thread_local.chal.get("qop")
+        algorithm = self._thread_local.chal.get("algorithm")
+        opaque = self._thread_local.chal.get("opaque")
+        hash_utf8 = None
+
+        if algorithm is None:
+            _algorithm = "MD5"
+        else:
+            _algorithm = algorithm.upper()
+        # lambdas assume digest modules are imported at the top level
+        if _algorithm == "MD5" or _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+
+            def md5_utf8(x: str | bytes) -> str:
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.md5(x, usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = md5_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA":
+
+            def sha_utf8(x: str | bytes) -> str:
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha1(x, usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-256":
+
+            def sha256_utf8(x: str | bytes) -> str:
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha256(x, usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha256_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-512":
+
+            def sha512_utf8(x: str | bytes) -> str:
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha512(x, usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha512_utf8
+
+        if hash_utf8 is None:
+            return None
+
+        def KD(s: str, d: str) -> str:
+            return hash_utf8(f"{s}:{d}")
+
+        # XXX not implemented yet
+        entdig = None
+        p_parsed = urlparse(url)
+        #: path is request-uri defined in RFC 2616 which should not be empty
+        path = p_parsed.path or "/"
+        if p_parsed.query:
+            path += f"?{p_parsed.query}"
+
+        A1 = f"{self.username}:{realm}:{self.password}"
+        A2 = f"{method}:{path}"
+
+        HA1 = hash_utf8(A1)
+        HA2 = hash_utf8(A2)
+
+        if nonce == self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count += 1
+        else:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 1
+        ncvalue = f"{self._thread_local.nonce_count:08x}"
+        s = str(self._thread_local.nonce_count).encode("utf-8")
+        s += nonce.encode("utf-8")
+        s += time.ctime().encode("utf-8")
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        cnonce = hashlib.sha1(s, usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()[:16]
+        if _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+            HA1 = hash_utf8(f"{HA1}:{nonce}:{cnonce}")  # type: ignore[reportConstantRedefinition]  # RFC 2617 terminology
+
+        if not qop:
+            respdig = KD(HA1, f"{nonce}:{HA2}")
+        elif qop == "auth" or "auth" in qop.split(","):
+            noncebit = f"{nonce}:{ncvalue}:{cnonce}:auth:{HA2}"
+            respdig = KD(HA1, noncebit)
+        else:
+            # XXX handle auth-int.
+            return None
+
+        self._thread_local.last_nonce = nonce
+
+        # XXX should the partial digests be encoded too?
+        base = (
+            f'username="{self.username}", realm="{realm}", nonce="{nonce}", '
+            f'uri="{path}", response="{respdig}"'
+        )
+        if opaque:
+            base += f', opaque="{opaque}"'
+        if algorithm:
+            base += f', algorithm="{algorithm}"'
+        if entdig:
+            base += f', digest="{entdig}"'
+        if qop:
+            base += f', qop="auth", nc={ncvalue}, cnonce="{cnonce}"'
+
+        return f"Digest {base}"
+
+    def handle_redirect(self, r: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Reset num_401_calls counter on redirects."""
+        if r.is_redirect:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+    def handle_401(self, r: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        """
+        Takes the given response and tries digest-auth, if needed.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        # If response is not 4xx, do not auth
+        # See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3772
+        if not 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+            return r
+
+        if self._thread_local.pos is not None:
+            # Rewind the file position indicator of the body to where
+            # it was to resend the request.
+            if (seek := getattr(r.request.body, "seek", None)) is not None:
+                seek(self._thread_local.pos)
+        s_auth = r.headers.get("www-authenticate", "")
+
+        if "digest" in s_auth.lower() and self._thread_local.num_401_calls < 2:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls += 1
+            pat = re.compile(r"digest ", flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+            self._thread_local.chal = parse_dict_header(pat.sub("", s_auth, count=1))
+
+            # Consume content and release the original connection
+            # to allow our new request to reuse the same one.
+            r.content
+            r.close()
+            prep = r.request.copy()
+            cookie_jar = cast("CookieJar", prep._cookies)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(cookie_jar, r.request, r.raw)
+            prep.prepare_cookies(cookie_jar)
+
+            _digest_auth = self.build_digest_header(
+                cast(str, prep.method), cast(str, prep.url)
+            )
+            if _digest_auth:
+                prep.headers["Authorization"] = _digest_auth
+            _r = r.connection.send(prep, **kwargs)
+            _r.history.append(r)
+            _r.request = prep
+
+            return _r
+
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+        return r
+
+    def __call__(self, r: PreparedRequest) -> PreparedRequest:
+        # Initialize per-thread state, if needed
+        self.init_per_thread_state()
+        # If we have a saved nonce, skip the 401
+        if self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            _digest_auth = self.build_digest_header(
+                cast(str, r.method), cast(str, r.url)
+            )
+            if _digest_auth:
+                r.headers["Authorization"] = _digest_auth
+        if (tell := getattr(r.body, "tell", None)) is not None:
+            self._thread_local.pos = tell()
+        else:
+            # In the case of HTTPDigestAuth being reused and the body of
+            # the previous request was a file-like object, pos has the
+            # file position of the previous body. Ensure it's set to
+            # None.
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_redirect)
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+        return r
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return not self == other

src/requests/certs.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 """
 requests.certs
@@ -12,7 +11,8 @@ If you are packaging Requests, e.g., for a Linux distribution or a managed
 environment, you can change the definition of where() to return a separately
 packaged CA bundle.
 """
+
 from certifi import where
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     print(where())

src/requests/compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""
+requests.compat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module previously handled import compatibility issues
+between Python 2 and Python 3. It remains for backwards
+compatibility until the next major version.
+"""
+
+# pyright: reportUnusedImport=false
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+import sys
+from types import ModuleType
+
+# -------
+# urllib3
+# -------
+from urllib3 import (
+    __version__ as urllib3_version,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
+)
+
+# Detect which major version of urllib3 is being used.
+try:
+    is_urllib3_1 = int(urllib3_version.split(".")[0]) == 1
+except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+    # If we can't discern a version, prefer old functionality.
+    is_urllib3_1 = True
+
+# -------------------
+# Character Detection
+# -------------------
+
+
+def _resolve_char_detection() -> ModuleType | None:
+    """Find supported character detection libraries."""
+    chardet = None
+    for lib in ("chardet", "charset_normalizer"):
+        if chardet is None:
+            try:
+                chardet = importlib.import_module(lib)
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+    return chardet
+
+
+chardet = _resolve_char_detection()
+
+# -------
+# Pythons
+# -------
+
+# Syntax sugar.
+_ver = sys.version_info
+
+#: Python 2.x?
+is_py2 = _ver[0] == 2
+
+#: Python 3.x?
+is_py3 = _ver[0] == 3
+
+# json/simplejson module import resolution
+has_simplejson = False
+try:
+    import simplejson as json  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+
+    has_simplejson = True
+except ImportError:
+    import json
+
+if has_simplejson:
+    from simplejson import JSONDecodeError  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+else:
+    from json import JSONDecodeError
+
+# Keep OrderedDict for backwards compatibility.
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from http import cookiejar as cookielib
+from http.cookies import Morsel
+from io import StringIO
+
+# --------------
+# Legacy Imports
+# --------------
+from urllib.parse import (
+    quote,
+    quote_plus,
+    unquote,
+    unquote_plus,
+    urldefrag,
+    urlencode,
+    urljoin,
+    urlparse,
+    urlsplit,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from urllib.request import (
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    parse_http_list,
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/145331
+)
+
+builtin_str = str
+str = str
+bytes = bytes
+basestring = (str, bytes)
+numeric_types = (int, float)
+integer_types = (int,)

src/requests/cookies.py

@@ -1,31 +1,37 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """
 requests.cookies
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Compatibility code to be able to use `cookielib.CookieJar` with requests.
+Compatibility code to be able to use `http.cookiejar.CookieJar` with requests.
 
 requests.utils imports from here, so be careful with imports.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
 import copy
 import time
-import calendar
+from collections.abc import Iterator, MutableMapping
+from http.cookiejar import Cookie, CookieJar, CookiePolicy
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar, overload
 
 from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
-from .compat import cookielib, urlparse, urlunparse, Morsel, MutableMapping
+from ._types import is_prepared as _is_prepared
+from .compat import Morsel, cookielib, urlparse, urlunparse
 
-try:
-    import threading
-except ImportError:
-    import dummy_threading as threading
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import SupportsKeysAndGetItem
+
+    from .models import PreparedRequest
+
+import threading
 
 
-class MockRequest(object):
-    """Wraps a `requests.Request` to mimic a `urllib2.Request`.
+class MockRequest:
+    """Wraps a `requests.PreparedRequest` to mimic a `urllib2.Request`.
 
-    The code in `cookielib.CookieJar` expects this interface in order to correctly
+    The code in `http.cookiejar.CookieJar` expects this interface in order to correctly
     manage cookie policies, i.e., determine whether a cookie can be set, given the
     domains of the request and the cookie.
 
@@ -34,121 +40,133 @@ class MockRequest(object):
     probably want `get_cookie_header`, defined below.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, request):
+    def __init__(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> None:
+        assert _is_prepared(request)
         self._r = request
-        self._new_headers = {}
-        self.type = urlparse(self._r.url).scheme
+        self._new_headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.type: str = urlparse(self._r.url).scheme
 
-    def get_type(self):
+    def get_type(self) -> str:
         return self.type
 
-    def get_host(self):
+    def get_host(self) -> str:
         return urlparse(self._r.url).netloc
 
-    def get_origin_req_host(self):
+    def get_origin_req_host(self) -> str:
         return self.get_host()
 
-    def get_full_url(self):
+    def get_full_url(self) -> str:
         # Only return the response's URL if the user hadn't set the Host
         # header
-        if not self._r.headers.get('Host'):
+        if not self._r.headers.get("Host"):
             return self._r.url
         # If they did set it, retrieve it and reconstruct the expected domain
-        host = to_native_string(self._r.headers['Host'], encoding='utf-8')
+        host = to_native_string(self._r.headers["Host"], encoding="utf-8")
         parsed = urlparse(self._r.url)
         # Reconstruct the URL as we expect it
-        return urlunparse([
-            parsed.scheme, host, parsed.path, parsed.params, parsed.query,
-            parsed.fragment
-        ])
+        return urlunparse(
+            [
+                parsed.scheme,
+                host,
+                parsed.path,
+                parsed.params,
+                parsed.query,
+                parsed.fragment,
+            ]
+        )
 
-    def is_unverifiable(self):
+    def is_unverifiable(self) -> bool:
         return True
 
-    def has_header(self, name):
+    def has_header(self, name: str) -> bool:
         return name in self._r.headers or name in self._new_headers
 
-    def get_header(self, name, default=None):
-        return self._r.headers.get(name, self._new_headers.get(name, default))
+    def get_header(self, name: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        return self._r.headers.get(name, self._new_headers.get(name, default))  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
-    def add_header(self, key, val):
-        """cookielib has no legitimate use for this method; add it back if you find one."""
-        raise NotImplementedError("Cookie headers should be added with add_unredirected_header()")
+    def add_header(self, key: str, val: str) -> None:
+        """cookiejar has no legitimate use for this method; add it back if you find one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Cookie headers should be added with add_unredirected_header()"
+        )
 
-    def add_unredirected_header(self, name, value):
+    def add_unredirected_header(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
         self._new_headers[name] = value
 
-    def get_new_headers(self):
+    def get_new_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         return self._new_headers
 
     @property
-    def unverifiable(self):
+    def unverifiable(self) -> bool:
         return self.is_unverifiable()
 
     @property
-    def origin_req_host(self):
+    def origin_req_host(self) -> str:
         return self.get_origin_req_host()
 
     @property
-    def host(self):
+    def host(self) -> str:
         return self.get_host()
 
 
-class MockResponse(object):
+class MockResponse:
     """Wraps a `httplib.HTTPMessage` to mimic a `urllib.addinfourl`.
 
     ...what? Basically, expose the parsed HTTP headers from the server response
-    the way `cookielib` expects to see them.
+    the way `http.cookiejar` expects to see them.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, headers):
-        """Make a MockResponse for `cookielib` to read.
+    def __init__(self, headers: Any) -> None:
+        """Make a MockResponse for `cookiejar` to read.
 
         :param headers: a httplib.HTTPMessage or analogous carrying the headers
         """
         self._headers = headers
 
-    def info(self):
+    def info(self) -> Any:
         return self._headers
 
-    def getheaders(self, name):
+    def getheaders(self, name: str) -> Any:
         self._headers.getheaders(name)
 
 
-def extract_cookies_to_jar(jar, request, response):
+def extract_cookies_to_jar(
+    jar: CookieJar, request: PreparedRequest, response: Any
+) -> None:
     """Extract the cookies from the response into a CookieJar.
 
-    :param jar: cookielib.CookieJar (not necessarily a RequestsCookieJar)
+    :param jar: http.cookiejar.CookieJar (not necessarily a RequestsCookieJar)
     :param request: our own requests.Request object
     :param response: urllib3.HTTPResponse object
     """
-    if not (hasattr(response, '_original_response') and
-            response._original_response):
+    if not (hasattr(response, "_original_response") and response._original_response):
         return
     # the _original_response field is the wrapped httplib.HTTPResponse object,
     req = MockRequest(request)
     # pull out the HTTPMessage with the headers and put it in the mock:
     res = MockResponse(response._original_response.msg)
-    jar.extract_cookies(res, req)
+    jar.extract_cookies(res, req)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
-def get_cookie_header(jar, request):
+def get_cookie_header(jar: CookieJar, request: PreparedRequest) -> str | None:
     """
     Produce an appropriate Cookie header string to be sent with `request`, or None.
 
     :rtype: str
     """
     r = MockRequest(request)
-    jar.add_cookie_header(r)
-    return r.get_new_headers().get('Cookie')
+    jar.add_cookie_header(r)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    return r.get_new_headers().get("Cookie")
 
 
-def remove_cookie_by_name(cookiejar, name, domain=None, path=None):
+def remove_cookie_by_name(
+    cookiejar: CookieJar, name: str, domain: str | None = None, path: str | None = None
+) -> None:
     """Unsets a cookie by name, by default over all domains and paths.
 
     Wraps CookieJar.clear(), is O(n).
     """
-    clearables = []
+    clearables: list[tuple[str, str, str]] = []
     for cookie in cookiejar:
         if cookie.name != name:
             continue
@@ -168,8 +186,8 @@ class CookieConflictError(RuntimeError):
     """
 
 
-class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
-    """Compatibility class; is a cookielib.CookieJar, but exposes a dict
+class RequestsCookieJar(CookieJar, MutableMapping[str, str | None]):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """Compatibility class; is a http.cookiejar.CookieJar, but exposes a dict
     interface.
 
     This is the CookieJar we create by default for requests and sessions that
@@ -186,7 +204,15 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
     .. warning:: dictionary operations that are normally O(1) may be O(n).
     """
 
-    def get(self, name, default=None, domain=None, path=None):
+    _policy: CookiePolicy
+
+    def get(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: str | None = None,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str | None:
         """Dict-like get() that also supports optional domain and path args in
         order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
         multiple domains.
@@ -198,14 +224,18 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         except KeyError:
             return default
 
-    def set(self, name, value, **kwargs):
+    def set(
+        self, name: str, value: str | Morsel[dict[str, str]] | None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Cookie | None:
         """Dict-like set() that also supports optional domain and path args in
         order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
         multiple domains.
         """
         # support client code that unsets cookies by assignment of a None value:
         if value is None:
-            remove_cookie_by_name(self, name, domain=kwargs.get('domain'), path=kwargs.get('path'))
+            remove_cookie_by_name(
+                self, name, domain=kwargs.get("domain"), path=kwargs.get("path")
+            )
             return
 
         if isinstance(value, Morsel):
@@ -215,7 +245,7 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         self.set_cookie(c)
         return c
 
-    def iterkeys(self):
+    def iterkeys(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         """Dict-like iterkeys() that returns an iterator of names of cookies
         from the jar.
 
@@ -224,7 +254,7 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         for cookie in iter(self):
             yield cookie.name
 
-    def keys(self):
+    def keys(self) -> list[str]:  # type: ignore[override]
         """Dict-like keys() that returns a list of names of cookies from the
         jar.
 
@@ -232,7 +262,7 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         """
         return list(self.iterkeys())
 
-    def itervalues(self):
+    def itervalues(self) -> Iterator[str | None]:
         """Dict-like itervalues() that returns an iterator of values of cookies
         from the jar.
 
@@ -241,7 +271,7 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         for cookie in iter(self):
             yield cookie.value
 
-    def values(self):
+    def values(self) -> list[str | None]:  # type: ignore[override]
         """Dict-like values() that returns a list of values of cookies from the
         jar.
 
@@ -249,7 +279,7 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         """
         return list(self.itervalues())
 
-    def iteritems(self):
+    def iteritems(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str | None]]:
         """Dict-like iteritems() that returns an iterator of name-value tuples
         from the jar.
 
@@ -258,7 +288,7 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         for cookie in iter(self):
             yield cookie.name, cookie.value
 
-    def items(self):
+    def items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str | None]]:  # type: ignore[override]
         """Dict-like items() that returns a list of name-value tuples from the
         jar. Allows client-code to call ``dict(RequestsCookieJar)`` and get a
         vanilla python dict of key value pairs.
@@ -267,58 +297,63 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         """
         return list(self.iteritems())
 
-    def list_domains(self):
+    def list_domains(self) -> list[str]:
         """Utility method to list all the domains in the jar."""
-        domains = []
+        domains: list[str] = []
         for cookie in iter(self):
             if cookie.domain not in domains:
                 domains.append(cookie.domain)
         return domains
 
-    def list_paths(self):
+    def list_paths(self) -> list[str]:
         """Utility method to list all the paths in the jar."""
-        paths = []
+        paths: list[str] = []
         for cookie in iter(self):
             if cookie.path not in paths:
                 paths.append(cookie.path)
         return paths
 
-    def multiple_domains(self):
+    def multiple_domains(self) -> bool:
         """Returns True if there are multiple domains in the jar.
         Returns False otherwise.
 
         :rtype: bool
         """
-        domains = []
+        domains: list[str] = []
         for cookie in iter(self):
-            if cookie.domain is not None and cookie.domain in domains:
+            if cookie.domain is not None and cookie.domain in domains:  # type: ignore[reportUnnecessaryComparison]  # defensive check
                 return True
             domains.append(cookie.domain)
         return False  # there is only one domain in jar
 
-    def get_dict(self, domain=None, path=None):
+    def get_dict(
+        self, domain: str | None = None, path: str | None = None
+    ) -> dict[str, str | None]:
         """Takes as an argument an optional domain and path and returns a plain
         old Python dict of name-value pairs of cookies that meet the
         requirements.
 
         :rtype: dict
         """
-        dictionary = {}
+        dictionary: dict[str, str | None] = {}
         for cookie in iter(self):
-            if (
-                (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain) and
-                (path is None or cookie.path == path)
+            if (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain) and (
+                path is None or cookie.path == path
             ):
                 dictionary[cookie.name] = cookie.value
         return dictionary
 
-    def __contains__(self, name):
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Cookie]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """RequestCookieJar's __iter__ comes from CookieJar not MutableMapping."""
+        return super().__iter__()
+
+    def __contains__(self, name: object) -> bool:
         try:
-            return super(RequestsCookieJar, self).__contains__(name)
+            return super().__contains__(name)
         except CookieConflictError:
             return True
 
-    def __getitem__(self, name):
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str | None:
         """Dict-like __getitem__() for compatibility with client code. Throws
         exception if there are more than one cookie with name. In that case,
         use the more explicit get() method instead.
@@ -327,33 +362,43 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
         """
         return self._find_no_duplicates(name)
 
-    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+    def __setitem__(
+        self, name: str, value: str | Morsel[dict[str, str]] | None
+    ) -> None:
         """Dict-like __setitem__ for compatibility with client code. Throws
         exception if there is already a cookie of that name in the jar. In that
         case, use the more explicit set() method instead.
         """
         self.set(name, value)
 
-    def __delitem__(self, name):
-        """Deletes a cookie given a name. Wraps ``cookielib.CookieJar``'s
+    def __delitem__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        """Deletes a cookie given a name. Wraps ``http.cookiejar.CookieJar``'s
         ``remove_cookie_by_name()``.
         """
         remove_cookie_by_name(self, name)
 
-    def set_cookie(self, cookie, *args, **kwargs):
-        if hasattr(cookie.value, 'startswith') and cookie.value.startswith('"') and cookie.value.endswith('"'):
-            cookie.value = cookie.value.replace('\\"', '')
-        return super(RequestsCookieJar, self).set_cookie(cookie, *args, **kwargs)
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie: Cookie, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        if (
+            (value := cookie.value) is not None
+            and value.startswith('"')
+            and value.endswith('"')
+        ):
+            cookie.value = value.replace('\\"', "")
+        return super().set_cookie(cookie, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def update(self, other):
+    def update(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, other: CookieJar | SupportsKeysAndGetItem[str, str]
+    ) -> None:
         """Updates this jar with cookies from another CookieJar or dict-like"""
         if isinstance(other, cookielib.CookieJar):
             for cookie in other:
                 self.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
         else:
-            super(RequestsCookieJar, self).update(other)
+            super().update(other)
 
-    def _find(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+    def _find(
+        self, name: str, domain: str | None = None, path: str | None = None
+    ) -> str | None:
         """Requests uses this method internally to get cookie values.
 
         If there are conflicting cookies, _find arbitrarily chooses one.
@@ -371,9 +416,11 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
                     if path is None or cookie.path == path:
                         return cookie.value
 
-        raise KeyError('name=%r, domain=%r, path=%r' % (name, domain, path))
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
 
-    def _find_no_duplicates(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+    def _find_no_duplicates(
+        self, name: str, domain: str | None = None, path: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
         """Both ``__get_item__`` and ``get`` call this function: it's never
         used elsewhere in Requests.
 
@@ -390,46 +437,50 @@ class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
             if cookie.name == name:
                 if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
                     if path is None or cookie.path == path:
-                        if toReturn is not None:  # if there are multiple cookies that meet passed in criteria
-                            raise CookieConflictError('There are multiple cookies with name, %r' % (name))
-                        toReturn = cookie.value  # we will eventually return this as long as no cookie conflict
+                        if toReturn is not None:
+                            # if there are multiple cookies that meet passed in criteria
+                            raise CookieConflictError(
+                                f"There are multiple cookies with name, {name!r}"
+                            )
+                        # we will eventually return this as long as no cookie conflict
+                        toReturn = cookie.value
 
-        if toReturn:
+        if toReturn is not None:
             return toReturn
-        raise KeyError('name=%r, domain=%r, path=%r' % (name, domain, path))
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
 
-    def __getstate__(self):
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
         state = self.__dict__.copy()
         # remove the unpickleable RLock object
-        state.pop('_cookies_lock')
+        state.pop("_cookies_lock")
         return state
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
         self.__dict__.update(state)
-        if '_cookies_lock' not in self.__dict__:
+        if "_cookies_lock" not in self.__dict__:
             self._cookies_lock = threading.RLock()
 
-    def copy(self):
+    def copy(self) -> RequestsCookieJar:
         """Return a copy of this RequestsCookieJar."""
         new_cj = RequestsCookieJar()
         new_cj.set_policy(self.get_policy())
         new_cj.update(self)
         return new_cj
 
-    def get_policy(self):
+    def get_policy(self) -> CookiePolicy:
         """Return the CookiePolicy instance used."""
         return self._policy
 
 
-def _copy_cookie_jar(jar):
+def _copy_cookie_jar(jar: CookieJar | None) -> CookieJar | None:  # type: ignore[reportUnusedFunction]  # cross-module usage in models.py
     if jar is None:
         return None
 
-    if hasattr(jar, 'copy'):
+    if copy_method := getattr(jar, "copy", None):
         # We're dealing with an instance of RequestsCookieJar
-        return jar.copy()
+        return copy_method()
     # We're dealing with a generic CookieJar instance
     new_jar = copy.copy(jar)
     new_jar.clear()
@@ -438,74 +489,96 @@ def _copy_cookie_jar(jar):
     return new_jar
 
 
-def create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs):
+def create_cookie(name: str, value: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Cookie:
     """Make a cookie from underspecified parameters.
 
     By default, the pair of `name` and `value` will be set for the domain ''
     and sent on every request (this is sometimes called a "supercookie").
     """
-    result = {
-        'version': 0,
-        'name': name,
-        'value': value,
-        'port': None,
-        'domain': '',
-        'path': '/',
-        'secure': False,
-        'expires': None,
-        'discard': True,
-        'comment': None,
-        'comment_url': None,
-        'rest': {'HttpOnly': None},
-        'rfc2109': False,
+    result: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "version": 0,
+        "name": name,
+        "value": value,
+        "port": None,
+        "domain": "",
+        "path": "/",
+        "secure": False,
+        "expires": None,
+        "discard": True,
+        "comment": None,
+        "comment_url": None,
+        "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+        "rfc2109": False,
     }
 
     badargs = set(kwargs) - set(result)
     if badargs:
-        err = 'create_cookie() got unexpected keyword arguments: %s'
-        raise TypeError(err % list(badargs))
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"create_cookie() got unexpected keyword arguments: {list(badargs)}"
+        )
 
     result.update(kwargs)
-    result['port_specified'] = bool(result['port'])
-    result['domain_specified'] = bool(result['domain'])
-    result['domain_initial_dot'] = result['domain'].startswith('.')
-    result['path_specified'] = bool(result['path'])
+    result["port_specified"] = bool(result["port"])
+    result["domain_specified"] = bool(result["domain"])
+    result["domain_initial_dot"] = result["domain"].startswith(".")
+    result["path_specified"] = bool(result["path"])
 
     return cookielib.Cookie(**result)
 
 
-def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
+def morsel_to_cookie(morsel: Morsel[Any]) -> Cookie:
     """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""
 
-    expires = None
-    if morsel['max-age']:
+    expires: int | None = None
+    if morsel["max-age"]:
         try:
-            expires = int(time.time() + int(morsel['max-age']))
+            expires = int(time.time() + int(morsel["max-age"]))
         except ValueError:
-            raise TypeError('max-age: %s must be integer' % morsel['max-age'])
-    elif morsel['expires']:
-        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
-        expires = calendar.timegm(
-            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)
-        )
+            raise TypeError(f"max-age: {morsel['max-age']} must be integer")
+    elif morsel["expires"]:
+        time_template = "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+        expires = calendar.timegm(time.strptime(morsel["expires"], time_template))
     return create_cookie(
-        comment=morsel['comment'],
-        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
+        comment=morsel["comment"],
+        comment_url=bool(morsel["comment"]),
         discard=False,
-        domain=morsel['domain'],
+        domain=morsel["domain"],
         expires=expires,
         name=morsel.key,
-        path=morsel['path'],
+        path=morsel["path"],
         port=None,
-        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
+        rest={"HttpOnly": morsel["httponly"]},
         rfc2109=False,
-        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
+        secure=bool(morsel["secure"]),
         value=morsel.value,
-        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
+        version=morsel["version"] or 0,
     )
 
 
-def cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cookiejar=None, overwrite=True):
+_CookieJarT = TypeVar("_CookieJarT", bound=CookieJar)
+
+
+@overload
+def cookiejar_from_dict(
+    cookie_dict: dict[str, str] | None,
+    cookiejar: None = None,
+    overwrite: bool = True,
+) -> RequestsCookieJar: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def cookiejar_from_dict(
+    cookie_dict: dict[str, str] | None,
+    cookiejar: _CookieJarT,
+    overwrite: bool = True,
+) -> _CookieJarT: ...
+
+
+def cookiejar_from_dict(
+    cookie_dict: dict[str, str] | None,
+    cookiejar: CookieJar | None = None,
+    overwrite: bool = True,
+) -> CookieJar:
     """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
 
     :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
@@ -526,23 +599,24 @@ def cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cookiejar=None, overwrite=True):
     return cookiejar
 
 
-def merge_cookies(cookiejar, cookies):
+def merge_cookies(
+    cookiejar: CookieJar, cookies: dict[str, str] | CookieJar | None
+) -> CookieJar:
     """Add cookies to cookiejar and returns a merged CookieJar.
 
     :param cookiejar: CookieJar object to add the cookies to.
     :param cookies: Dictionary or CookieJar object to be added.
     :rtype: CookieJar
     """
-    if not isinstance(cookiejar, cookielib.CookieJar):
-        raise ValueError('You can only merge into CookieJar')
+    if not isinstance(cookiejar, cookielib.CookieJar):  # type: ignore[reportUnnecessaryIsInstance]  # runtime guard
+        raise ValueError("You can only merge into CookieJar")
 
     if isinstance(cookies, dict):
-        cookiejar = cookiejar_from_dict(
-            cookies, cookiejar=cookiejar, overwrite=False)
+        cookiejar = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies, cookiejar=cookiejar, overwrite=False)
     elif isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
-        try:
-            cookiejar.update(cookies)
-        except AttributeError:
+        if update_method := getattr(cookiejar, "update", None):
+            update_method(cookies)
+        else:
             for cookie_in_jar in cookies:
                 cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie_in_jar)
 

src/requests/exceptions.py

@@ -1,28 +1,63 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """
 requests.exceptions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
 """
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
 from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
 
+from .compat import JSONDecodeError as CompatJSONDecodeError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .models import PreparedRequest, Request, Response
+
 
 class RequestException(IOError):
     """There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your
     request.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         """Initialize RequestException with `request` and `response` objects."""
-        response = kwargs.pop('response', None)
-        self.response = response
-        self.request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
-        if (response is not None and not self.request and
-                hasattr(response, 'request')):
-            self.request = self.response.request
-        super(RequestException, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        response: Response | None = kwargs.pop("response", None)
+        self.response: Response | None = response
+        self.request: Request | PreparedRequest | None = kwargs.pop("request", None)
+        if response is not None and not self.request and hasattr(response, "request"):
+            self.request = response.request
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class InvalidJSONError(RequestException):
+    """A JSON error occurred."""
+
+
+class JSONDecodeError(InvalidJSONError, CompatJSONDecodeError):
+    """Couldn't decode the text into json"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Construct the JSONDecodeError instance first with all
+        args. Then use it's args to construct the IOError so that
+        the json specific args aren't used as IOError specific args
+        and the error message from JSONDecodeError is preserved.
+        """
+        CompatJSONDecodeError.__init__(self, *args)
+        InvalidJSONError.__init__(self, *self.args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[Any, ...] | str:
+        """
+        The __reduce__ method called when pickling the object must
+        be the one from the JSONDecodeError (be it json/simplejson)
+        as it expects all the arguments for instantiation, not just
+        one like the IOError, and the MRO would by default call the
+        __reduce__ method from the IOError due to the inheritance order.
+        """
+        return CompatJSONDecodeError.__reduce__(self)
 
 
 class HTTPError(RequestException):
@@ -70,11 +105,11 @@ class TooManyRedirects(RequestException):
 
 
 class MissingSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
-    """The URL schema (e.g. http or https) is missing."""
+    """The URL scheme (e.g. http or https) is missing."""
 
 
 class InvalidSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
-    """See defaults.py for valid schemas."""
+    """The URL scheme provided is either invalid or unsupported."""
 
 
 class InvalidURL(RequestException, ValueError):
@@ -108,6 +143,7 @@ class RetryError(RequestException):
 class UnrewindableBodyError(RequestException):
     """Requests encountered an error when trying to rewind a body."""
 
+
 # Warnings
 
 

src/requests/help.py

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""Module containing bug report helper(s)."""
+
+# pyright: reportUnknownMemberType=false
+
+import json
+import platform
+import ssl
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+import idna
+import urllib3
+
+from . import __version__ as requests_version
+
+try:
+    import charset_normalizer
+except ImportError:
+    charset_normalizer = None
+
+try:
+    import chardet  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+except ImportError:
+    chardet = None
+
+try:
+    from urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+except ImportError:
+    pyopenssl = None
+    OpenSSL = None
+    cryptography = None
+else:
+    import cryptography  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+    import OpenSSL  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+
+
+def _implementation():
+    """Return a dict with the Python implementation and version.
+
+    Provide both the name and the version of the Python implementation
+    currently running. For example, on CPython 3.10.3 it will return
+    {'name': 'CPython', 'version': '3.10.3'}.
+
+    This function works best on CPython and PyPy: in particular, it probably
+    doesn't work for Jython or IronPython. Future investigation should be done
+    to work out the correct shape of the code for those platforms.
+    """
+    implementation = platform.python_implementation()
+
+    if implementation == "CPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()
+    elif implementation == "PyPy":
+        pypy = sys.pypy_version_info  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        implementation_version = f"{pypy.major}.{pypy.minor}.{pypy.micro}"
+        if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel != "final":  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            implementation_version = "".join(
+                [implementation_version, sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            )
+    elif implementation == "Jython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    elif implementation == "IronPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    else:
+        implementation_version = "Unknown"
+
+    return {"name": implementation, "version": implementation_version}
+
+
+def info() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Generate information for a bug report."""
+    try:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": platform.system(),
+            "release": platform.release(),
+        }
+    except OSError:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": "Unknown",
+            "release": "Unknown",
+        }
+
+    implementation_info = _implementation()
+    urllib3_info = {"version": urllib3.__version__}  # type: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
+    charset_normalizer_info = {"version": None}
+    chardet_info: dict[str, str | None] = {"version": None}
+    if charset_normalizer:
+        charset_normalizer_info = {"version": charset_normalizer.__version__}
+    if chardet:
+        chardet_info = {"version": chardet.__version__}
+
+    pyopenssl_info: dict[str, str | None] = {
+        "version": None,
+        "openssl_version": "",
+    }
+    if OpenSSL:
+        pyopenssl_info = {
+            "version": OpenSSL.__version__,
+            "openssl_version": f"{OpenSSL.SSL.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER:x}",
+        }
+    cryptography_info = {
+        "version": getattr(cryptography, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+    idna_info = {
+        "version": getattr(idna, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+
+    system_ssl = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
+    system_ssl_info = {"version": f"{system_ssl:x}" if system_ssl is not None else ""}  # type: ignore[reportUnnecessaryComparison]
+
+    return {
+        "platform": platform_info,
+        "implementation": implementation_info,
+        "system_ssl": system_ssl_info,
+        "using_pyopenssl": pyopenssl is not None,
+        "using_charset_normalizer": chardet is None,
+        "pyOpenSSL": pyopenssl_info,
+        "urllib3": urllib3_info,
+        "chardet": chardet_info,
+        "charset_normalizer": charset_normalizer_info,
+        "cryptography": cryptography_info,
+        "idna": idna_info,
+        "requests": {
+            "version": requests_version,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def main():
+    """Pretty-print the bug information as JSON."""
+    print(json.dumps(info(), sort_keys=True, indent=2))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

src/requests/hooks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""
+requests.hooks
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides the capabilities for the Requests hooks system.
+
+Available hooks:
+
+``response``:
+    The response generated from a Request.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import _types as _t
+    from .models import Response
+
+HOOKS: list[str] = ["response"]
+
+
+def default_hooks() -> dict[str, list[_t.HookType]]:
+    return {event: [] for event in HOOKS}
+
+
+# TODO: response is the only one
+
+
+def dispatch_hook(
+    key: str,
+    hooks: _t.HooksInputType | None,
+    hook_data: Response,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Response:
+    """Dispatches a hook dictionary on a given piece of data."""
+    hooks_dict = hooks or {}
+    hook_list: Iterable[_t.HookType] | _t.HookType | None = hooks_dict.get(key)
+    if hook_list:
+        if isinstance(hook_list, Callable):
+            hook_list = [hook_list]
+        for hook in hook_list:
+            _hook_data = hook(hook_data, **kwargs)
+            if _hook_data is not None:
+                hook_data = _hook_data
+    return hook_data

src/requests/packages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import sys
+
+from .compat import chardet
+
+# This code exists for backwards compatibility reasons.
+# I don't like it either. Just look the other way. :)
+
+for package in ("urllib3", "idna"):
+    locals()[package] = __import__(package)
+    # This traversal is apparently necessary such that the identities are
+    # preserved (requests.packages.urllib3.* is urllib3.*)
+    for mod in list(sys.modules):
+        if mod == package or mod.startswith(f"{package}."):
+            sys.modules[f"requests.packages.{mod}"] = sys.modules[mod]
+
+if chardet is not None:
+    target = chardet.__name__
+    for mod in list(sys.modules):
+        if mod == target or mod.startswith(f"{target}."):
+            imported_mod = sys.modules[mod]
+            sys.modules[f"requests.packages.{mod}"] = imported_mod
+            mod = mod.replace(target, "chardet")
+            sys.modules[f"requests.packages.{mod}"] = imported_mod

src/requests/sessions.py

@@ -1,53 +1,81 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """
-requests.session
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+requests.sessions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This module provides a Session object to manage and persist settings across
 requests (cookies, auth, proxies).
 """
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import sys
 import time
-from datetime import timedelta
 from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Generator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from datetime import timedelta
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 
-from .auth import _basic_auth_str
-from .compat import cookielib, is_py3, urljoin, urlparse, Mapping
-from .cookies import (
-    cookiejar_from_dict, extract_cookies_to_jar, RequestsCookieJar, merge_cookies)
-from .models import Request, PreparedRequest, DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
-from .hooks import default_hooks, dispatch_hook
 from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
-from .utils import to_key_val_list, default_headers, DEFAULT_PORTS
-from .exceptions import (
-    TooManyRedirects, InvalidSchema, ChunkedEncodingError, ContentDecodingError)
-
-from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from ._types import is_prepared as _is_prepared
 from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
-
-from .utils import (
-    requote_uri, get_environ_proxies, get_netrc_auth, should_bypass_proxies,
-    get_auth_from_url, rewind_body
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+from .compat import cookielib, urljoin, urlparse
+from .cookies import (
+    RequestsCookieJar,
+    cookiejar_from_dict,
+    extract_cookies_to_jar,
+    merge_cookies,
 )
-
-from .status_codes import codes
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+)
+from .hooks import default_hooks, dispatch_hook
 
 # formerly defined here, reexposed here for backward compatibility
-from .models import REDIRECT_STATI
+from .models import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT,
+    REDIRECT_STATI,  # type: ignore[reportUnusedImport]
+    PreparedRequest,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_PORTS,
+    default_headers,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_environ_proxies,
+    get_netrc_auth,
+    requote_uri,
+    resolve_proxies,
+    rewind_body,
+    should_bypass_proxies,  # type: ignore[reportUnusedImport]  # re-export for external consumers
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+
+    from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack
+
+    from . import _types as _t
+    from .adapters import BaseAdapter
 
 # Preferred clock, based on which one is more accurate on a given system.
-if sys.platform == 'win32':
-    try:  # Python 3.4+
-        preferred_clock = time.perf_counter
-    except AttributeError:  # Earlier than Python 3.
-        preferred_clock = time.clock
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    preferred_clock = time.perf_counter
 else:
     preferred_clock = time.time
 
 
-def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+def merge_setting(
+    request_setting: Any, session_setting: Any, dict_class: type = OrderedDict
+) -> Any:
     """Determines appropriate setting for a given request, taking into account
     the explicit setting on that request, and the setting in the session. If a
     setting is a dictionary, they will be merged together using `dict_class`
@@ -61,13 +89,12 @@ def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
 
     # Bypass if not a dictionary (e.g. verify)
     if not (
-            isinstance(session_setting, Mapping) and
-            isinstance(request_setting, Mapping)
+        isinstance(session_setting, Mapping) and isinstance(request_setting, Mapping)
     ):
         return request_setting
 
-    merged_setting = dict_class(to_key_val_list(session_setting))
-    merged_setting.update(to_key_val_list(request_setting))
+    merged_setting = dict_class(to_key_val_list(session_setting))  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # isinstance narrows Any to Mapping[Unknown]
+    merged_setting.update(to_key_val_list(request_setting))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     # Remove keys that are set to None. Extract keys first to avoid altering
     # the dictionary during iteration.
@@ -78,24 +105,33 @@ def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
     return merged_setting
 
 
-def merge_hooks(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+def merge_hooks(
+    request_hooks: _t.HooksType,
+    session_hooks: _t.HooksType,
+    dict_class: type = OrderedDict,
+) -> _t.HooksType:
     """Properly merges both requests and session hooks.
 
     This is necessary because when request_hooks == {'response': []}, the
     merge breaks Session hooks entirely.
     """
-    if session_hooks is None or session_hooks.get('response') == []:
+    if session_hooks is None or session_hooks.get("response") == []:
         return request_hooks
 
-    if request_hooks is None or request_hooks.get('response') == []:
+    if request_hooks is None or request_hooks.get("response") == []:
         return session_hooks
 
     return merge_setting(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class)
 
 
-class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
+class SessionRedirectMixin:
+    max_redirects: int
+    trust_env: bool
+    cookies: RequestsCookieJar
 
-    def get_redirect_target(self, resp):
+    def send(self, request: PreparedRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> Response: ...
+
+    def get_redirect_target(self, resp: Response) -> str | None:
         """Receives a Response. Returns a redirect URI or ``None``"""
         # Due to the nature of how requests processes redirects this method will
         # be called at least once upon the original response and at least twice
@@ -104,19 +140,18 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
         # to cache the redirect location onto the response object as a private
         # attribute.
         if resp.is_redirect:
-            location = resp.headers['location']
+            location = resp.headers["location"]
             # Currently the underlying http module on py3 decode headers
             # in latin1, but empirical evidence suggests that latin1 is very
             # rarely used with non-ASCII characters in HTTP headers.
             # It is more likely to get UTF8 header rather than latin1.
             # This causes incorrect handling of UTF8 encoded location headers.
             # To solve this, we re-encode the location in latin1.
-            if is_py3:
-                location = location.encode('latin1')
-            return to_native_string(location, 'utf8')
+            location = location.encode("latin1")
+            return to_native_string(location, "utf8")
         return None
 
-    def should_strip_auth(self, old_url, new_url):
+    def should_strip_auth(self, old_url: str, new_url: str) -> bool:
         """Decide whether Authorization header should be removed when redirecting"""
         old_parsed = urlparse(old_url)
         new_parsed = urlparse(new_url)
@@ -126,26 +161,43 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
         # ports. This isn't specified by RFC 7235, but is kept to avoid
         # breaking backwards compatibility with older versions of requests
         # that allowed any redirects on the same host.
-        if (old_parsed.scheme == 'http' and old_parsed.port in (80, None)
-                and new_parsed.scheme == 'https' and new_parsed.port in (443, None)):
+        if (
+            old_parsed.scheme == "http"
+            and old_parsed.port in (80, None)
+            and new_parsed.scheme == "https"
+            and new_parsed.port in (443, None)
+        ):
             return False
 
         # Handle default port usage corresponding to scheme.
         changed_port = old_parsed.port != new_parsed.port
         changed_scheme = old_parsed.scheme != new_parsed.scheme
         default_port = (DEFAULT_PORTS.get(old_parsed.scheme, None), None)
-        if (not changed_scheme and old_parsed.port in default_port
-                and new_parsed.port in default_port):
+        if (
+            not changed_scheme
+            and old_parsed.port in default_port
+            and new_parsed.port in default_port
+        ):
             return False
 
         # Standard case: root URI must match
         return changed_port or changed_scheme
 
-    def resolve_redirects(self, resp, req, stream=False, timeout=None,
-                          verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None, yield_requests=False, **adapter_kwargs):
+    def resolve_redirects(
+        self,
+        resp: Response,
+        req: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: _t.TimeoutType = None,
+        verify: _t.VerifyType = True,
+        cert: _t.CertType = None,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        yield_requests: bool = False,
+        **adapter_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Generator[Response, None, None]:
         """Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses or Requests."""
 
-        hist = []  # keep track of history
+        hist: list[Response] = []  # keep track of history
 
         url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
         previous_fragment = urlparse(req.url).fragment
@@ -153,9 +205,8 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
             prepared_request = req.copy()
 
             # Update history and keep track of redirects.
-            # resp.history must ignore the original request in this loop
+            resp.history = hist[:]
             hist.append(resp)
-            resp.history = hist[1:]
 
             try:
                 resp.content  # Consume socket so it can be released
@@ -163,19 +214,21 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
                 resp.raw.read(decode_content=False)
 
             if len(resp.history) >= self.max_redirects:
-                raise TooManyRedirects('Exceeded {} redirects.'.format(self.max_redirects), response=resp)
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    f"Exceeded {self.max_redirects} redirects.", response=resp
+                )
 
             # Release the connection back into the pool.
             resp.close()
 
             # Handle redirection without scheme (see: RFC 1808 Section 4)
-            if url.startswith('//'):
+            if url.startswith("//"):
                 parsed_rurl = urlparse(resp.url)
-                url = ':'.join([to_native_string(parsed_rurl.scheme), url])
+                url = ":".join([to_native_string(parsed_rurl.scheme), url])
 
             # Normalize url case and attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
             parsed = urlparse(url)
-            if parsed.fragment == '' and previous_fragment:
+            if parsed.fragment == "" and previous_fragment:
                 parsed = parsed._replace(fragment=previous_fragment)
             elif parsed.fragment:
                 previous_fragment = parsed.fragment
@@ -194,22 +247,26 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
             self.rebuild_method(prepared_request, resp)
 
             # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1084
-            if resp.status_code not in (codes.temporary_redirect, codes.permanent_redirect):
+            if resp.status_code not in (
+                codes.temporary_redirect,
+                codes.permanent_redirect,
+            ):
                 # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3490
-                purged_headers = ('Content-Length', 'Content-Type', 'Transfer-Encoding')
+                purged_headers = ("Content-Length", "Content-Type", "Transfer-Encoding")
                 for header in purged_headers:
                     prepared_request.headers.pop(header, None)
                 prepared_request.body = None
 
             headers = prepared_request.headers
-            headers.pop('Cookie', None)
+            headers.pop("Cookie", None)
 
             # Extract any cookies sent on the response to the cookiejar
             # in the new request. Because we've mutated our copied prepared
             # request, use the old one that we haven't yet touched.
-            extract_cookies_to_jar(prepared_request._cookies, req, resp.raw)
-            merge_cookies(prepared_request._cookies, self.cookies)
-            prepared_request.prepare_cookies(prepared_request._cookies)
+            cookie_jar = cast("CookieJar", prepared_request._cookies)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(cookie_jar, req, resp.raw)
+            merge_cookies(cookie_jar, self.cookies)
+            prepared_request.prepare_cookies(cookie_jar)
 
             # Rebuild auth and proxy information.
             proxies = self.rebuild_proxies(prepared_request, proxies)
@@ -218,9 +275,8 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
             # A failed tell() sets `_body_position` to `object()`. This non-None
             # value ensures `rewindable` will be True, allowing us to raise an
             # UnrewindableBodyError, instead of hanging the connection.
-            rewindable = (
-                prepared_request._body_position is not None and
-                ('Content-Length' in headers or 'Transfer-Encoding' in headers)
+            rewindable = prepared_request._body_position is not None and (  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+                "Content-Length" in headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in headers
             )
 
             # Attempt to rewind consumed file-like object.
@@ -231,9 +287,8 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
             req = prepared_request
 
             if yield_requests:
-                yield req
+                yield req  # type: ignore[misc]  # Internal use only, returns PreparedRequest
             else:
-
                 resp = self.send(
                     req,
                     stream=stream,
@@ -242,7 +297,7 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
                     cert=cert,
                     proxies=proxies,
                     allow_redirects=False,
-                    **adapter_kwargs
+                    **adapter_kwargs,
                 )
 
                 extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, prepared_request, resp.raw)
@@ -251,26 +306,36 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
                 url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
                 yield resp
 
-    def rebuild_auth(self, prepared_request, response):
+    def rebuild_auth(
+        self, prepared_request: PreparedRequest, response: Response
+    ) -> None:
         """When being redirected we may want to strip authentication from the
         request to avoid leaking credentials. This method intelligently removes
         and reapplies authentication where possible to avoid credential loss.
         """
+        original_request = response.request
+        assert _is_prepared(original_request)
+        assert _is_prepared(prepared_request)
+
         headers = prepared_request.headers
+        original_url = original_request.url
         url = prepared_request.url
 
-        if 'Authorization' in headers and self.should_strip_auth(response.request.url, url):
+        if "Authorization" in headers and self.should_strip_auth(original_url, url):
             # If we get redirected to a new host, we should strip out any
             # authentication headers.
-            del headers['Authorization']
+            del headers["Authorization"]
 
         # .netrc might have more auth for us on our new host.
         new_auth = get_netrc_auth(url) if self.trust_env else None
         if new_auth is not None:
             prepared_request.prepare_auth(new_auth)
 
-
-    def rebuild_proxies(self, prepared_request, proxies):
+    def rebuild_proxies(
+        self,
+        prepared_request: PreparedRequest,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None,
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         """This method re-evaluates the proxy configuration by considering the
         environment variables. If we are redirected to a URL covered by
         NO_PROXY, we strip the proxy configuration. Otherwise, we set missing
@@ -282,54 +347,47 @@ class SessionRedirectMixin(object):
 
         :rtype: dict
         """
-        proxies = proxies if proxies is not None else {}
+        assert _is_prepared(prepared_request)
         headers = prepared_request.headers
-        url = prepared_request.url
-        scheme = urlparse(url).scheme
-        new_proxies = proxies.copy()
-        no_proxy = proxies.get('no_proxy')
+        scheme = urlparse(prepared_request.url).scheme
+        new_proxies = resolve_proxies(prepared_request, proxies, self.trust_env)
 
-        bypass_proxy = should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
-        if self.trust_env and not bypass_proxy:
-            environ_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
-
-            proxy = environ_proxies.get(scheme, environ_proxies.get('all'))
-
-            if proxy:
-                new_proxies.setdefault(scheme, proxy)
-
-        if 'Proxy-Authorization' in headers:
-            del headers['Proxy-Authorization']
+        if "Proxy-Authorization" in headers:
+            del headers["Proxy-Authorization"]
 
         try:
             username, password = get_auth_from_url(new_proxies[scheme])
         except KeyError:
             username, password = None, None
 
-        if username and password:
-            headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+        # urllib3 handles proxy authorization for us in the standard adapter.
+        # Avoid appending this to TLS tunneled requests where it may be leaked.
+        if not scheme.startswith("https") and username and password:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
 
         return new_proxies
 
-    def rebuild_method(self, prepared_request, response):
+    def rebuild_method(
+        self, prepared_request: PreparedRequest, response: Response
+    ) -> None:
         """When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
         based on certain specs or browser behavior.
         """
         method = prepared_request.method
 
         # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
-        if response.status_code == codes.see_other and method != 'HEAD':
-            method = 'GET'
+        if response.status_code == codes.see_other and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
 
         # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
         # First, turn 302s into GETs.
-        if response.status_code == codes.found and method != 'HEAD':
-            method = 'GET'
+        if response.status_code == codes.found and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
 
         # Second, if a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
         # This bizarre behaviour is explained in Issue 1704.
-        if response.status_code == codes.moved and method == 'POST':
-            method = 'GET'
+        if response.status_code == codes.moved and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
 
         prepared_request.method = method
 
@@ -353,74 +411,91 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
       <Response [200]>
     """
 
-    __attrs__ = [
-        'headers', 'cookies', 'auth', 'proxies', 'hooks', 'params', 'verify',
-        'cert', 'adapters', 'stream', 'trust_env',
-        'max_redirects',
+    __attrs__: list[str] = [
+        "headers",
+        "cookies",
+        "auth",
+        "proxies",
+        "hooks",
+        "params",
+        "verify",
+        "cert",
+        "adapters",
+        "stream",
+        "trust_env",
+        "max_redirects",
     ]
 
-    def __init__(self):
-
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         #: A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each
         #: :class:`Request <Request>` sent from this
         #: :class:`Session <Session>`.
-        self.headers = default_headers()
+        self.headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = default_headers()
 
         #: Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to
         #: :class:`Request <Request>`.
-        self.auth = None
+        self.auth: _t.AuthType = None
 
         #: Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and host to the URL of the proxy
         #: (e.g. {'http': 'foo.bar:3128', 'http://host.name': 'foo.bar:4012'}) to
         #: be used on each :class:`Request <Request>`.
-        self.proxies = {}
+        self.proxies: dict[str, str] = {}
 
         #: Event-handling hooks.
-        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        self.hooks: dict[str, list[_t.HookType]] = default_hooks()
 
         #: Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each
         #: :class:`Request <Request>`. The dictionary values may be lists for
         #: representing multivalued query parameters.
-        self.params = {}
+        self.params: MutableMapping[str, Any] = {}
 
         #: Stream response content default.
-        self.stream = False
+        self.stream: bool = False
 
         #: SSL Verification default.
-        self.verify = True
+        #: Defaults to `True`, requiring requests to verify the TLS certificate at the
+        #: remote end.
+        #: If verify is set to `False`, requests will accept any TLS certificate
+        #: presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or
+        #: expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+        #: man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
+        #: Only set this to `False` for testing.
+        #: If verify is set to a string, it must be the path to a CA bundle file
+        #: that will be used to verify the TLS certificate.
+        self.verify: _t.VerifyType = True
 
         #: SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client
         #: cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
-        self.cert = None
+        self.cert: _t.CertType = None
 
         #: Maximum number of redirects allowed. If the request exceeds this
         #: limit, a :class:`TooManyRedirects` exception is raised.
         #: This defaults to requests.models.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, which is
         #: 30.
-        self.max_redirects = DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
+        self.max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
 
         #: Trust environment settings for proxy configuration, default
         #: authentication and similar.
-        self.trust_env = True
+        self.trust_env: bool = True
 
         #: A CookieJar containing all currently outstanding cookies set on this
         #: session. By default it is a
         #: :class:`RequestsCookieJar <requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar>`, but
         #: may be any other ``cookielib.CookieJar`` compatible object.
-        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+        self.cookies: RequestsCookieJar = cookiejar_from_dict({})
 
         # Default connection adapters.
-        self.adapters = OrderedDict()
-        self.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter())
-        self.mount('http://', HTTPAdapter())
+        self.adapters: MutableMapping[str, BaseAdapter] = OrderedDict()
+        self.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter())
+        self.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter())
 
-    def __enter__(self):
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(self, *args):
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
         self.close()
 
-    def prepare_request(self, request):
+    def prepare_request(self, request: Request) -> PreparedRequest:
         """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for
         transmission and returns it. The :class:`PreparedRequest` has settings
         merged from the :class:`Request <Request>` instance and those of the
@@ -430,6 +505,9 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
             session's settings.
         :rtype: requests.PreparedRequest
         """
+        url = cast("_t.UriType", request.url)
+        method = cast(str, request.method)
+
         cookies = request.cookies or {}
 
         # Bootstrap CookieJar.
@@ -438,21 +516,24 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
 
         # Merge with session cookies
         merged_cookies = merge_cookies(
-            merge_cookies(RequestsCookieJar(), self.cookies), cookies)
+            merge_cookies(RequestsCookieJar(), self.cookies), cookies
+        )
 
         # Set environment's basic authentication if not explicitly set.
         auth = request.auth
         if self.trust_env and not auth and not self.auth:
-            auth = get_netrc_auth(request.url)
+            auth = get_netrc_auth(url)
 
         p = PreparedRequest()
         p.prepare(
-            method=request.method.upper(),
-            url=request.url,
+            method=method.upper(),
+            url=url,
             files=request.files,
             data=request.data,
             json=request.json,
-            headers=merge_setting(request.headers, self.headers, dict_class=CaseInsensitiveDict),
+            headers=merge_setting(
+                request.headers, self.headers, dict_class=CaseInsensitiveDict
+            ),
             params=merge_setting(request.params, self.params),
             auth=merge_setting(auth, self.auth),
             cookies=merged_cookies,
@@ -460,10 +541,25 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         )
         return p
 
-    def request(self, method, url,
-            params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None,
-            auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None,
-            hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None, json=None):
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: _t.UriType,
+        params: _t.ParamsType = None,
+        data: _t.DataType = None,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str | bytes] | None = None,
+        cookies: RequestsCookieJar | CookieJar | dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        files: _t.FilesType = None,
+        auth: _t.AuthType = None,
+        timeout: _t.TimeoutType = None,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        hooks: _t.HooksType = None,
+        stream: bool | None = None,
+        verify: _t.VerifyType | None = None,
+        cert: _t.CertType = None,
+        json: _t.JsonType = None,
+    ) -> Response:
         """Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it.
         Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object.
 
@@ -483,7 +579,7 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
             for multipart encoding upload.
         :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
             Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
-        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+        :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send
             data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
             read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
         :type timeout: float or tuple
@@ -491,15 +587,25 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :type allow_redirects: bool
         :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and
             hostname to the URL of the proxy.
+        :param hooks: (optional) Dictionary mapping hook name to one event or
+            list of events, event must be callable.
         :param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response
             content. Defaults to ``False``.
         :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
             the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
-            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. When set to
+            ``False``, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by
+            the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired
+            certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+            man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to ``False``
+            may be useful during local development or testing.
         :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem).
             If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
+        if isinstance(url, bytes):
+            url = url.decode("utf-8")
+
         # Create the Request.
         req = Request(
             method=method.upper(),
@@ -515,6 +621,8 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         )
         prep = self.prepare_request(req)
 
+        assert _is_prepared(prep)
+
         proxies = proxies or {}
 
         settings = self.merge_environment_settings(
@@ -523,15 +631,15 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
 
         # Send the request.
         send_kwargs = {
-            'timeout': timeout,
-            'allow_redirects': allow_redirects,
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "allow_redirects": allow_redirects,
         }
         send_kwargs.update(settings)
         resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
 
         return resp
 
-    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+    def get(self, url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.GetKwargs]) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -539,10 +647,10 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
-        return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
 
-    def options(self, url, **kwargs):
+    def options(self, url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -550,10 +658,10 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
-        return self.request('OPTIONS', url, **kwargs)
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("OPTIONS", url, **kwargs)
 
-    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+    def head(self, url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a HEAD request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -561,10 +669,16 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', False)
-        return self.request('HEAD', url, **kwargs)
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
 
-    def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+    def post(
+        self,
+        url: _t.UriType,
+        data: _t.DataType = None,
+        json: _t.JsonType = None,
+        **kwargs: Unpack[_t.PostKwargs],
+    ) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -575,9 +689,11 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+        return self.request("POST", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
 
-    def put(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    def put(
+        self, url: _t.UriType, data: _t.DataType = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.DataKwargs]
+    ) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a PUT request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -587,9 +703,11 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        return self.request('PUT', url, data=data, **kwargs)
+        return self.request("PUT", url, data=data, **kwargs)
 
-    def patch(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    def patch(
+        self, url: _t.UriType, data: _t.DataType = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.DataKwargs]
+    ) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a PATCH request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -599,9 +717,9 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        return self.request('PATCH', url, data=data, **kwargs)
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, data=data, **kwargs)
 
-    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+    def delete(self, url: _t.UriType, **kwargs: Unpack[_t.RequestKwargs]) -> Response:
         r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
 
         :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
@@ -609,28 +727,31 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
 
-        return self.request('DELETE', url, **kwargs)
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
 
-    def send(self, request, **kwargs):
+    def send(self, request: PreparedRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
         """Send a given PreparedRequest.
 
         :rtype: requests.Response
         """
         # Set defaults that the hooks can utilize to ensure they always have
         # the correct parameters to reproduce the previous request.
-        kwargs.setdefault('stream', self.stream)
-        kwargs.setdefault('verify', self.verify)
-        kwargs.setdefault('cert', self.cert)
-        kwargs.setdefault('proxies', self.proxies)
+        kwargs.setdefault("stream", self.stream)
+        kwargs.setdefault("verify", self.verify)
+        kwargs.setdefault("cert", self.cert)
+        if "proxies" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["proxies"] = resolve_proxies(request, self.proxies, self.trust_env)
 
         # It's possible that users might accidentally send a Request object.
         # Guard against that specific failure case.
         if isinstance(request, Request):
-            raise ValueError('You can only send PreparedRequests.')
+            raise ValueError("You can only send PreparedRequests.")
+
+        assert _is_prepared(request)
 
         # Set up variables needed for resolve_redirects and dispatching of hooks
-        allow_redirects = kwargs.pop('allow_redirects', True)
-        stream = kwargs.get('stream')
+        allow_redirects = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+        stream = kwargs.get("stream")
         hooks = request.hooks
 
         # Get the appropriate adapter to use
@@ -647,11 +768,10 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         r.elapsed = timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
 
         # Response manipulation hooks
-        r = dispatch_hook('response', hooks, r, **kwargs)
+        r = dispatch_hook("response", hooks, r, **kwargs)
 
         # Persist cookies
         if r.history:
-
             # If the hooks create history then we want those cookies too
             for resp in r.history:
                 extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, resp.request, resp.raw)
@@ -677,7 +797,9 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         # If redirects aren't being followed, store the response on the Request for Response.next().
         if not allow_redirects:
             try:
-                r._next = next(self.resolve_redirects(r, request, yield_requests=True, **kwargs))
+                r._next = next(  # type: ignore[assignment]  # yield_requests=True returns PreparedRequest
+                    self.resolve_redirects(r, request, yield_requests=True, **kwargs)
+                )
             except StopIteration:
                 pass
 
@@ -686,7 +808,14 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
 
         return r
 
-    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
+    def merge_environment_settings(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        proxies: dict[str, str] | None,
+        stream: bool | None,
+        verify: _t.VerifyType | None,
+        cert: _t.CertType,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Check the environment and merge it with some settings.
 
@@ -695,16 +824,20 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         # Gather clues from the surrounding environment.
         if self.trust_env:
             # Set environment's proxies.
-            no_proxy = proxies.get('no_proxy') if proxies is not None else None
+            no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy") if proxies is not None else None
             env_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
-            for (k, v) in env_proxies.items():
-                proxies.setdefault(k, v)
+            if proxies is not None:
+                for k, v in env_proxies.items():
+                    proxies.setdefault(k, v)
 
-            # Look for requests environment configuration and be compatible
-            # with cURL.
+            # Look for requests environment configuration
+            # and be compatible with cURL.
             if verify is True or verify is None:
-                verify = (os.environ.get('REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE') or
-                          os.environ.get('CURL_CA_BUNDLE'))
+                verify = (
+                    os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or verify
+                )
 
         # Merge all the kwargs.
         proxies = merge_setting(proxies, self.proxies)
@@ -712,29 +845,27 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         verify = merge_setting(verify, self.verify)
         cert = merge_setting(cert, self.cert)
 
-        return {'verify': verify, 'proxies': proxies, 'stream': stream,
-                'cert': cert}
+        return {"proxies": proxies, "stream": stream, "verify": verify, "cert": cert}
 
-    def get_adapter(self, url):
+    def get_adapter(self, url: str) -> BaseAdapter:
         """
         Returns the appropriate connection adapter for the given URL.
 
         :rtype: requests.adapters.BaseAdapter
         """
-        for (prefix, adapter) in self.adapters.items():
-
+        for prefix, adapter in self.adapters.items():
             if url.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
                 return adapter
 
         # Nothing matches :-/
-        raise InvalidSchema("No connection adapters were found for {!r}".format(url))
+        raise InvalidSchema(f"No connection adapters were found for {url!r}")
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         """Closes all adapters and as such the session"""
         for v in self.adapters.values():
             v.close()
 
-    def mount(self, prefix, adapter):
+    def mount(self, prefix: str, adapter: BaseAdapter) -> None:
         """Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.
 
         Adapters are sorted in descending order by prefix length.
@@ -745,16 +876,16 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         for key in keys_to_move:
             self.adapters[key] = self.adapters.pop(key)
 
-    def __getstate__(self):
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         state = {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
         return state
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         for attr, value in state.items():
             setattr(self, attr, value)
 
 
-def session():
+def session() -> Session:
     """
     Returns a :class:`Session` for context-management.