v2.33.1

Signed-off-by: rohan436 <rohan.santhoshkumar@googlemail.com>

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Restrict all files related to deploying to
+# require lead maintainer approval.
+
+.github/workflows/            @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+.github/CODEOWNERS            @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+src/requests/__version__.py   @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+HISTORY.md                    @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24
+pyproject.toml                @nateprewitt @sigmavirus24

.github/SECURITY.md

@@ -1,18 +1,9 @@
 # Vulnerability Disclosure
 
 If you think you have found a potential security vulnerability in
-requests, please email [Nate](mailto:nate.prewitt@gmail.com)
-and [Seth](mailto:sethmichaellarson@gmail.com) directly.
-**Do not file a public issue.**
-
-Our PGP Key fingerprints are:
-
-- 8722 7E29 AD9C FF5C FAC3  EA6A 44D3 FF97 B80D C864 ([@nateprewitt](https://keybase.io/nateprewitt))
-
-- EDD5 6765 A9D8 4653 CBC8  A134 51B0 6736 1740 F5FC ([@sethmlarson](https://keybase.io/sethmlarson))
-
-You can also contact us on [Keybase](https://keybase.io) with the
-profiles above if desired.
+requests, please open a [draft Security Advisory](https://github.com/psf/requests/security/advisories/new)
+via GitHub. We will coordinate verification and next steps through
+that secure medium.
 
 If English is not your first language, please try to describe the
 problem and its impact to the best of your ability. For greater detail,
@@ -72,7 +63,7 @@ intended patch ahead of time, to ensure that they are able to promptly
 release their downstream packages. Currently the list of people we
 actively contact *ahead of a public release* is:
 
--   Jeremy Cline, Red Hat (@jeremycline)
+-   Python Maintenance Team, Red Hat (python-maint@redhat.com)
 -   Daniele Tricoli, Debian (@eriol)
 
 We will notify these individuals at least a week ahead of our planned

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
         # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@df5a14dc28094dc936e103b37d749c6628682b60 # v3.25.0
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@38697555549f1db7851b81482ff19f1fa5c4fedc # v4.34.1
       with:
         languages: "python"
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@df5a14dc28094dc936e103b37d749c6628682b60 # v3.25.0
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@38697555549f1db7851b81482ff19f1fa5c4fedc # v4.34.1
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -70,4 +70,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@df5a14dc28094dc936e103b37d749c6628682b60 # v3.25.0
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@38697555549f1db7851b81482ff19f1fa5c4fedc # v4.34.1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   lint:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 10
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d # v5.1.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
     - name: Run pre-commit

.github/workflows/lock-issues.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'psf'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@d42e5f49803f3c4e14ffee0378e31481265dda22 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@7266a7ce5c1df01b1c6db85bf8cd86c737dadbe7 # v6.0.0
         with:
             issue-lock-inactive-days: 90
             pr-lock-inactive-days: 90

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+name: Publish to PyPI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      test-pypi-only:
+        description: "Publish to Test PyPI only"
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: "Build dists"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    outputs:
+      artifact-id: ${{ steps.upload-artifact.outputs.artifact-id }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout repository"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd" # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: "Setup Python"
+        uses: "actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405" # v6.2.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+
+      - name: "Install dependencies"
+        run: python -m pip install build==1.4.0
+
+      - name: "Build dists"
+        run: |
+          SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --pretty=%ct) \
+          python -m build
+
+      - name: "Upload dists"
+        uses: "actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f"
+        id: upload-artifact
+        with:
+          name: "dist"
+          path: "dist/"
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 5
+
+  publish:
+    name: "Publish"
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+    needs: ["build"]
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    environment:
+      name: "publish"
+
+    steps:
+    - name: "Download dists"
+      uses: "actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3" # v8.0.0
+      with:
+        artifact-ids: ${{ needs.build.outputs.artifact-id }}
+        path: "dist/"
+
+    - name: "Publish dists to PyPI"
+      uses: "pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e" # v1.13.0
+      with:
+        attestations: true
+
+  publish-test-pypi:
+    name: "Publish to Test PyPI"
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+    needs: ["build"]
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    environment:
+      name: "testpypi"
+
+    steps:
+    - name: "Download dists"
+      uses: "actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3" # v8.0.0
+      with:
+        artifact-ids: ${{ needs.build.outputs.artifact-id }}
+        path: "dist/"
+
+    - name: "Publish dists to Test PyPI"
+      uses: "pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e" # v1.13.0
+      with:
+        repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+        attestations: true

.github/workflows/run-tests.yml

@@ -8,30 +8,29 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.15-dev' }}
     timeout-minutes: 10
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "pypy-3.9", "pypy-3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15-dev", "pypy-3.11"]
         os: [ubuntu-22.04, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
-        # Python 3.8 and 3.9 do not run on macOS-latest which
-        # is now using arm64 hardware.
-        # https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/696#issuecomment-1637587760
+        # Pypy-3.11 can't install openssl-sys with rust
+        # which prevents us from testing in GHA.
         exclude:
-        - { python-version: "3.8", os: "macos-latest" }
-        - { python-version: "3.9", os: "macos-latest" }
-        include:
-        - { python-version: "3.8", os: "macos-13" }
-        - { python-version: "3.9", os: "macos-13" }
+        - { python-version: "pypy-3.11", os: "windows-latest" }
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d # v5.1.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         cache: 'pip'
+        allow-prereleases: true
     - name: Install dependencies
+      env:
+        PYO3_USE_ABI3_FORWARD_COMPATIBILITY: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.15-dev' && '1' || '' }}
       run: |
         make
     - name: Run tests
@@ -45,11 +44,11 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: true
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608
-      - name: 'Set up Python 3.8'
-        uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+      - name: 'Set up Python 3.10'
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405
         with:
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.10'
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           make
@@ -57,3 +56,23 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run tests
         run: |
           make ci
+
+  urllib3:
+    name: 'urllib3 1.x'
+    runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+      - name: 'Set up Python 3.10'
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          make
+          python  -m pip install "urllib3<2"
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          make ci

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -5,24 +5,12 @@ repos:
   rev: v4.4.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-yaml
-  - id: debug-statements
   - id: end-of-file-fixer
   - id: trailing-whitespace
-- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-  rev: 5.12.0
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+  rev: v0.9.3
   hooks:
-    - id: isort
-- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 23.7.0
-  hooks:
-    - id: black
+    - id: ruff
+      args: [--fix]
+    - id: ruff-format
       exclude: tests/test_lowlevel.py
-- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v3.10.1
-  hooks:
-    - id: pyupgrade
-      args: [--py37-plus]
-- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-  rev: 6.1.0
-  hooks:
-    - id: flake8

AUTHORS.rst

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 Requests was lovingly created by Kenneth Reitz.
 
-Keepers of the Crystals
-```````````````````````
+Requests Maintainers
+````````````````````
 
+- Ian Stapleton Cordasco <graffatcolmingov@gmail.com> `@sigmavirus24 <https://github.com/sigmavirus24>`_.
 - Nate Prewitt `@nateprewitt <https://github.com/nateprewitt>`_.
-- Seth M. Larson `@sethmlarson <https://github.com/sethmlarson>`_.
 
-Previous Keepers of Crystals
-````````````````````````````
+Previous Maintainers
+````````````````````
+
 - Kenneth Reitz <me@kennethreitz.org> `@kennethreitz <https://github.com/kennethreitz>`_, reluctant Keeper of the Master Crystal.
 - Cory Benfield <cory@lukasa.co.uk> `@lukasa <https://github.com/lukasa>`_
-- Ian Cordasco <graffatcolmingov@gmail.com> `@sigmavirus24 <https://github.com/sigmavirus24>`_.
-
+- Seth M. Larson `@sethmlarson <https://github.com/sethmlarson>`_.
 
 Patches and Suggestions
 ```````````````````````

HISTORY.md

@@ -6,6 +6,104 @@ dev
 
 - \[Short description of non-trivial change.\]
 
+2.33.1 (2026-03-30)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed test cleanup for CVE-2026-25645 to avoid leaving unnecessary
+  files in the tmp directory. (#7305)
+- Fixed Content-Type header parsing for malformed values. (#7309)
+- Improved error consistency for malformed header values. (#7308)
+
+2.33.0 (2026-03-25)
+-------------------
+
+**Announcements**
+- 📣 Requests is adding inline types. If you have a typed code base that
+uses Requests, please take a look at #7271. Give it a try, and report
+any gaps or feedback you may have in the issue. 📣
+
+**Security**
+- CVE-2026-25645 ``requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths`` now extracts
+  contents to a non-deterministic location to prevent malicious file
+  replacement. This does not affect default usage of Requests, only
+  applications calling the utility function directly.
+
+**Improvements**
+- Migrated to a PEP 517 build system using setuptools. (#7012)
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed an issue where an empty netrc entry could cause
+  malformed authentication to be applied to Requests on
+  Python 3.11+. (#7205)
+
+**Deprecations**
+- Dropped support for Python 3.9 following its end of support. (#7196)
+
+**Documentation**
+- Various typo fixes and doc improvements.
+
+
+2.32.5 (2025-08-18)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+
+- The SSLContext caching feature originally introduced in 2.32.0 has created
+  a new class of issues in Requests that have had negative impact across a number
+  of use cases. The Requests team has decided to revert this feature as long term
+  maintenance of it is proving to be unsustainable in its current iteration.
+
+**Deprecations**
+- Added support for Python 3.14.
+- Dropped support for Python 3.8 following its end of support.
+
+2.32.4 (2025-06-10)
+-------------------
+
+**Security**
+- CVE-2024-47081 Fixed an issue where a maliciously crafted URL and trusted
+  environment will retrieve credentials for the wrong hostname/machine from a
+  netrc file.
+
+**Improvements**
+- Numerous documentation improvements
+
+**Deprecations**
+- Added support for pypy 3.11 for Linux and macOS.
+- Dropped support for pypy 3.9 following its end of support.
+
+
+2.32.3 (2024-05-29)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Fixed bug breaking the ability to specify custom SSLContexts in sub-classes of
+  HTTPAdapter. (#6716)
+- Fixed issue where Requests started failing to run on Python versions compiled
+  without the `ssl` module. (#6724)
+
+2.32.2 (2024-05-21)
+-------------------
+
+**Deprecations**
+- To provide a more stable migration for custom HTTPAdapters impacted
+  by the CVE changes in 2.32.0, we've renamed `_get_connection` to
+  a new public API, `get_connection_with_tls_context`. Existing custom
+  HTTPAdapters will need to migrate their code to use this new API.
+  `get_connection` is considered deprecated in all versions of Requests>=2.32.0.
+
+  A minimal (2-line) example has been provided in the linked PR to ease
+  migration, but we strongly urge users to evaluate if their custom adapter
+  is subject to the same issue described in CVE-2024-35195. (#6710)
+
+2.32.1 (2024-05-20)
+-------------------
+
+**Bugfixes**
+- Add missing test certs to the sdist distributed on PyPI.
+
+
 2.32.0 (2024-05-20)
 -------------------
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 include README.md LICENSE NOTICE HISTORY.md requirements-dev.txt
 recursive-include tests *.py
+recursive-include tests/certs *

Makefile

@@ -2,24 +2,24 @@
 init:
 	python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
 test:
-	# This runs all of the tests on all supported Python versions.
-	tox -p
+	python -m pytest tests
+
 ci:
 	python -m pytest tests --junitxml=report.xml
 
 test-readme:
 	python setup.py check --restructuredtext --strict && ([ $$? -eq 0 ] && echo "README.rst and HISTORY.rst ok") || echo "Invalid markup in README.rst or HISTORY.rst!"
 
-flake8:
-	python -m flake8 src/requests
-
 coverage:
 	python -m pytest --cov-config .coveragerc --verbose --cov-report term --cov-report xml --cov=src/requests tests
 
-publish:
-	python -m pip install 'twine>=1.5.0'
-	python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
-	twine upload dist/*
+.publishenv:
+	python -m venv .publishenv
+	.publishenv/bin/pip install 'twine>=1.5.0' build
+
+publish: .publishenv
+	.publishenv/bin/python -m build
+	.publishenv/bin/python -m twine upload --skip-existing dist/*
 	rm -fr build dist .egg requests.egg-info
 
 docs:

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 # Requests
 
+[![Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/requests.svg?maxAge=86400)](https://pypi.org/project/requests/)
+[![Supported Versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/requests.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/requests)
+[![Downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/badge/requests/month)](https://pepy.tech/project/requests)
+[![Contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/psf/requests.svg)](https://github.com/psf/requests/graphs/contributors)
+
 **Requests** is a simple, yet elegant, HTTP library.
 
 ```python
@@ -21,10 +26,6 @@ Requests allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests extremely easily. There’s no nee
 
 Requests is one of the most downloaded Python packages today, pulling in around `30M downloads / week`— according to GitHub, Requests is currently [depended upon](https://github.com/psf/requests/network/dependents?package_id=UGFja2FnZS01NzA4OTExNg%3D%3D) by `1,000,000+` repositories. You may certainly put your trust in this code.
 
-[![Downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/badge/requests/month)](https://pepy.tech/project/requests)
-[![Supported Versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/requests.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/requests)
-[![Contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/psf/requests.svg)](https://github.com/psf/requests/graphs/contributors)
-
 ## Installing Requests and Supported Versions
 
 Requests is available on PyPI:
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ Requests is available on PyPI:
 $ python -m pip install requests
 ```
 
-Requests officially supports Python 3.8+.
+Requests officially supports Python 3.10+.
 
 ## Supported Features & Best–Practices
 
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ Requests is ready for the demands of building robust and reliable HTTP–speakin
 ## Cloning the repository
 
 When cloning the Requests repository, you may need to add the `-c
-fetch.fsck.badTimezone=ignore` flag to avoid an error about a bad commit (see
+fetch.fsck.badTimezone=ignore` flag to avoid an error about a bad commit timestamp (see
 [this issue](https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/2690) for more background):
 
 ```shell

docs/api.rst

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ Exceptions
 .. autoexception:: requests.RequestException
 .. autoexception:: requests.ConnectionError
 .. autoexception:: requests.HTTPError
-.. autoexception:: requests.URLRequired
 .. autoexception:: requests.TooManyRedirects
 .. autoexception:: requests.ConnectTimeout
 .. autoexception:: requests.ReadTimeout
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@ Lower-Level Classes
 
 .. autoclass:: Response
    :inherited-members:
+   :exclude-members: is_permanent_redirect
 
 
 Lower-Lower-Level Classes

docs/community/faq.rst

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Chris Adams gave an excellent summary on
     for, oh, about 0.0001% of the awesomeness.
 
     1. http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/issues/detail?id=96 is a good example:
-    an annoying bug which affect many people, there was a fix available for
+    an annoying bug that affected many people, there was a fix available for
     months, which worked great when I applied it in a fork and pounded a couple
     TB of data through it, but it took over a year to make it into trunk and
     even longer to make it onto PyPI where any other project which required "
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ Chris Adams gave an excellent summary on
 Python 3 Support?
 -----------------
 
-Yes! Requests officially supports Python 3.8+ and PyPy.
+Yes! Requests supports all `officially supported versions of Python <https://devguide.python.org/versions/>`_
+and recent releases of PyPy.
 
 Python 2 Support?
 -----------------
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ No! As of Requests 2.28.0, Requests no longer supports Python 2.7. Users who
 have been unable to migrate should pin to `requests<2.28`. Full information
 can be found in `psf/requests#6023 <https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/6023>`_.
 
-It is *highly* recommended users migrate to Python 3.8+ now since Python
-2.7 is no longer receiving bug fixes or security updates as of January 1, 2020.
+It is *highly* recommended users migrate to a supported Python 3.x version now since
+Python 2.7 is no longer receiving bug fixes or security updates as of January 1, 2020.
 
 What are "hostname doesn't match" errors?
 -----------------------------------------

docs/community/vulnerabilities.rst

@@ -1,110 +1,5 @@
 Vulnerability Disclosure
 ========================
 
-If you think you have found a potential security vulnerability in requests,
-please email `Nate <mailto:nate.prewitt@gmail.com>`_ and `Seth <mailto:@sethmichaellarson@gmail.com>`_ directly. **Do not file a public issue.**
-
-Our PGP Key fingerprints are:
-
-- 8722 7E29 AD9C FF5C FAC3  EA6A 44D3 FF97 B80D C864 (`@nateprewitt <https://keybase.io/nateprewitt>`_)
-
-- EDD5 6765 A9D8 4653 CBC8  A134 51B0 6736 1740 F5FC (`@sethmlarson <https://keybase.io/sethmlarson>`_)
-
-You can also contact us on `Keybase <https://keybase.io/>`_ with the
-profiles above if desired.
-
-If English is not your first language, please try to describe the problem and
-its impact to the best of your ability. For greater detail, please use your
-native language and we will try our best to translate it using online services.
-
-Please also include the code you used to find the problem and the shortest
-amount of code necessary to reproduce it.
-
-Please do not disclose this to anyone else. We will retrieve a CVE identifier
-if necessary and give you full credit under whatever name or alias you provide.
-We will only request an identifier when we have a fix and can publish it in a
-release.
-
-We will respect your privacy and will only publicize your involvement if you
-grant us permission.
-
-Process
--------
-
-This following information discusses the process the requests project follows
-in response to vulnerability disclosures. If you are disclosing a
-vulnerability, this section of the documentation lets you know how we will
-respond to your disclosure.
-
-Timeline
-~~~~~~~~
-
-When you report an issue, one of the project members will respond to you within
-two days *at the outside*. In most cases responses will be faster, usually
-within 12 hours. This initial response will at the very least confirm receipt
-of the report.
-
-If we were able to rapidly reproduce the issue, the initial response will also
-contain confirmation of the issue. If we are not, we will often ask for more
-information about the reproduction scenario.
-
-Our goal is to have a fix for any vulnerability released within two weeks of
-the initial disclosure. This may potentially involve shipping an interim
-release that simply disables function while a more mature fix can be prepared,
-but will in the vast majority of cases mean shipping a complete release as soon
-as possible.
-
-Throughout the fix process we will keep you up to speed with how the fix is
-progressing. Once the fix is prepared, we will notify you that we believe we
-have a fix. Often we will ask you to confirm the fix resolves the problem in
-your environment, especially if we are not confident of our reproduction
-scenario.
-
-At this point, we will prepare for the release. We will obtain a CVE number
-if one is required, providing you with full credit for the discovery. We will
-also decide on a planned release date, and let you know when it is. This
-release date will *always* be on a weekday.
-
-At this point we will reach out to our major downstream packagers to notify
-them of an impending security-related patch so they can make arrangements. In
-addition, these packagers will be provided with the intended patch ahead of
-time, to ensure that they are able to promptly release their downstream
-packages. Currently the list of people we actively contact *ahead of a public
-release* is:
-
-- Python Maintenance Team, Red Hat (python-maint@redhat.com)
-- Daniele Tricoli, Debian (@eriol)
-
-We will notify these individuals at least a week ahead of our planned release
-date to ensure that they have sufficient time to prepare. If you believe you
-should be on this list, please let one of the maintainers know at one of the
-email addresses at the top of this article.
-
-On release day, we will push the patch to our public repository, along with an
-updated changelog that describes the issue and credits you. We will then issue
-a PyPI release containing the patch.
-
-At this point, we will publicise the release. This will involve mails to
-mailing lists, Tweets, and all other communication mechanisms available to the
-core team.
-
-We will also explicitly mention which commits contain the fix to make it easier
-for other distributors and users to easily patch their own versions of requests
-if upgrading is not an option.
-
-Previous CVEs
--------------
-
-- Fixed in 2.20.0
-  - `CVE 2018-18074 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-18074>`_
-
-- Fixed in 2.6.0
-
-  - `CVE 2015-2296 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2015-2296>`_,
-    reported by Matthew Daley of `BugFuzz <https://bugfuzz.com/>`_.
-
-- Fixed in 2.3.0
-
-  - `CVE 2014-1829 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2014-1829>`_
-
-  - `CVE 2014-1830 <https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2014-1830>`_
+The latest vulnerability disclosure information can be found on GitHub in our
+`Security Policy <https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/.github/SECURITY.md>`_.

docs/conf.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
 project = u"Requests"
-copyright = u'MMXVIX. A <a href="https://kenreitz.org/projects">Kenneth Reitz</a> Project'
+copyright = u'MMXVIX. A Kenneth Reitz Project'
 author = u"Kenneth Reitz"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for

docs/dev/contributing.rst

@@ -22,19 +22,17 @@ The guide is split into sections based on the type of contribution you're
 thinking of making, with a section that covers general guidelines for all
 contributors.
 
-Be Cordial
-----------
+Code of Conduct
+---------------
 
-    **Be cordial or be on your way**. *—Kenneth Reitz*
+The Python community is made up of members from around the globe with a diverse
+set of skills, personalities, and experiences. It is through these differences
+that our community experiences great successes and continued growth. When you're
+working with members of the community, follow the
+`Python Software Foundation Code of Conduct`_ to help steer your interactions
+and keep Python a positive, successful, and growing community.
 
-Requests has one very important rule governing all forms of contribution,
-including reporting bugs or requesting features. This golden rule is
-"`be cordial or be on your way`_".
-
-**All contributions are welcome**, as long as
-everyone involved is treated with respect.
-
-.. _be cordial or be on your way: https://kenreitz.org/essays/2013/01/27/be-cordial-or-be-on-your-way
+.. _Python Software Foundation Code of Conduct: https://policies.python.org/python.org/code-of-conduct/
 
 .. _early-feedback:
 

docs/index.rst

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Requests is ready for today's web.
 - Chunked Requests
 - ``.netrc`` Support
 
-Requests officially supports Python 3.8+, and runs great on PyPy.
+Requests officially supports Python 3.9+, and runs great on PyPy.
 
 
 The User Guide

docs/user/advanced.rst

@@ -677,11 +677,9 @@ In addition to basic HTTP proxies, Requests also supports proxies using the
 SOCKS protocol. This is an optional feature that requires that additional
 third-party libraries be installed before use.
 
-You can get the dependencies for this feature from ``pip``:
+You can get the dependencies for this feature from ``pip``::
 
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    $ python -m pip install requests[socks]
+    $ python -m pip install 'requests[socks]'
 
 Once you've installed those dependencies, using a SOCKS proxy is just as easy
 as using a HTTP one::
@@ -969,11 +967,9 @@ Requests will automatically parse these link headers and make them easily consum
 Transport Adapters
 ------------------
 
-As of v1.0.0, Requests has moved to a modular internal design. Part of the
-reason this was done was to implement Transport Adapters, originally
-`described here`_. Transport Adapters provide a mechanism to define interaction
-methods for an HTTP service. In particular, they allow you to apply per-service
-configuration.
+As of v1.0.0, Requests has moved to a modular internal design using Transport
+Adapters. These objects provide a mechanism to define interaction methods for an
+HTTP service. In particular, they allow you to apply per-service configuration.
 
 Requests ships with a single Transport Adapter, the :class:`HTTPAdapter
 <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. This adapter provides the default Requests
@@ -1053,7 +1049,6 @@ backoff, within a Requests :class:`Session <requests.Session>` using the
     )
     s.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries))
 
-.. _`described here`: https://kenreitz.org/essays/2012/06/14/the-future-of-python-http
 .. _`urllib3`: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3
 .. _`urllib3.util.Retry`: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/urllib3.util.html#urllib3.util.Retry
 

docs/user/authentication.rst

@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ set with `headers=`.
 If credentials for the hostname are found, the request is sent with HTTP Basic
 Auth.
 
+Requests will search for the netrc file at `~/.netrc`, `~/_netrc`, or at the path
+specified by the `NETRC` environment variable. `~` denotes the user's home
+directory, which is `$HOME` on Unix based systems and `%USERPROFILE%` on Windows.
+
+Usage of netrc file can be disabled by setting `trust_env` to `False` in the
+Requests session::
+
+    >>> s = requests.Session()
+    >>> s.trust_env = False
+    >>> s.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass')
 
 Digest Authentication
 ---------------------

docs/user/quickstart.rst

@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ Note: Custom headers are given less precedence than more specific sources of inf
   are specified in ``.netrc``, which in turn will be overridden by the  ``auth=``
   parameter. Requests will search for the netrc file at `~/.netrc`, `~/_netrc`,
   or at the path specified by the `NETRC` environment variable.
+  Check details in :ref:`netrc authentication <authentication>`.
 * Authorization headers will be removed if you get redirected off-host.
 * Proxy-Authorization headers will be overridden by proxy credentials provided in the URL.
 * Content-Length headers will be overridden when we can determine the length of the content.
@@ -270,7 +271,9 @@ use the same key::
       },
       ...
     }
-    >>> r1.text == r2.text
+    >>> # httpbin may embed non-deterministic metadata,
+    >>> # so we only compare our submitted data here.
+    >>> r1.json()['form'] == r2.json()['form']
     True
 
 There are times that you may want to send data that is not form-encoded. If

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,103 @@
-[tool.isort]
-profile = "black"
-src_paths = ["src/requests", "test"]
-honor_noqa = true
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=61.0"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "requests"
+description = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+readme = "README.md"
+license = {text = "Apache-2.0"}
+authors = [
+    { name = "Kenneth Reitz", email = "me@kennethreitz.org" },
+]
+maintainers = [
+    {name = "Ian Stapleton Cordasco", email="graffatcolmingov@gmail.com"},
+    {name = "Nate Prewitt", email="nate.prewitt@gmail.com"}
+]
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+dependencies = [
+    "charset_normalizer>=2,<4",
+    "idna>=2.5,<4",
+    "urllib3>=1.26,<3",
+    "certifi>=2023.5.7"
+]
+dynamic = ["version"]
+
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+    "Environment :: Web Environment",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
+    "Natural Language :: English",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
+    "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries"
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+Documentation = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
+Source = "https://github.com/psf/requests"
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+security = []
+socks = ["PySocks>=1.5.6, !=1.5.7"]
+use_chardet_on_py3 = ["chardet>=3.0.2,<8"]
+
+[dependency-groups]
+test = [
+    "requests[socks]",
+    "pytest-httpbin==2.1.0",
+    "httpbin~=0.10.0",
+    "pytest-cov",
+    "pytest-mock",
+    "pytest-xdist",
+    "pytest>=3",
+    "trustme",
+]
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+license-files = ["LICENSE", "NOTICE"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = {attr = "requests.__version__.__version__"}
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+where = ["src"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py310"
+src = ["src/requests", "tests"]
+exclude = ["docs/", "ext/"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "E",      # pycodestyle errors
+    "W",      # pycodestyle warnings
+    "F",      # pyflakes
+    "I",      # isort
+    "UP",     # pyupgrade
+    "T10",    # flake8-debugger (replaces debug-statements hook)
+]
+ignore = ["E203", "E501", "UP038", "UP031"]
+per-file-ignores = {"src/requests/__init__.py" = ["E402", "F401"], "src/requests/compat.py" = ["E402", "F401"], "tests/compat.py" = ["F401"]}
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["requests"]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+# Use black-compatible formatting
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "space"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 addopts = "--doctest-modules"

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -e .[socks]
 pytest>=2.8.0,<9
 pytest-cov
-pytest-httpbin==2.0.0
+pytest-httpbin==2.1.0
 httpbin~=0.10.0
 trustme
 wheel

setup.cfg

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[metadata]
-license_file = LICENSE
-provides-extra =
-    socks
-    use_chardet_on_py3
-requires-dist =
-    certifi>=2017.4.17
-    charset_normalizer>=2,<4
-    idna>=2.5,<4
-    urllib3>=1.21.1,<3
-
-[flake8]
-ignore = E203, E501, W503
-per-file-ignores =
-    src/requests/__init__.py:E402, F401
-    src/requests/compat.py:E402, F401
-    tests/compat.py:F401

setup.py

@@ -1,132 +1,9 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-import os
 import sys
-from codecs import open
 
-from setuptools import setup
-from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
-
-CURRENT_PYTHON = sys.version_info[:2]
-REQUIRED_PYTHON = (3, 8)
-
-if CURRENT_PYTHON < REQUIRED_PYTHON:
-    sys.stderr.write(
-        """
-==========================
-Unsupported Python version
-==========================
-This version of Requests requires at least Python {}.{}, but
-you're trying to install it on Python {}.{}. To resolve this,
-consider upgrading to a supported Python version.
-
-If you can't upgrade your Python version, you'll need to
-pin to an older version of Requests (<2.32.0).
-""".format(
-            *(REQUIRED_PYTHON + CURRENT_PYTHON)
-        )
-    )
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):  # noqa: UP036
+    sys.stderr.write("Requests requires Python 3.10 or later.\n")
     sys.exit(1)
 
+from setuptools import setup
 
-class PyTest(TestCommand):
-    user_options = [("pytest-args=", "a", "Arguments to pass into py.test")]
-
-    def initialize_options(self):
-        TestCommand.initialize_options(self)
-        try:
-            from multiprocessing import cpu_count
-
-            self.pytest_args = ["-n", str(cpu_count()), "--boxed"]
-        except (ImportError, NotImplementedError):
-            self.pytest_args = ["-n", "1", "--boxed"]
-
-    def finalize_options(self):
-        TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
-        self.test_args = []
-        self.test_suite = True
-
-    def run_tests(self):
-        import pytest
-
-        errno = pytest.main(self.pytest_args)
-        sys.exit(errno)
-
-
-# 'setup.py publish' shortcut.
-if sys.argv[-1] == "publish":
-    os.system("python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel")
-    os.system("twine upload dist/*")
-    sys.exit()
-
-requires = [
-    "charset_normalizer>=2,<4",
-    "idna>=2.5,<4",
-    "urllib3>=1.21.1,<3",
-    "certifi>=2017.4.17",
-]
-test_requirements = [
-    "pytest-httpbin==2.0.0",
-    "pytest-cov",
-    "pytest-mock",
-    "pytest-xdist",
-    "PySocks>=1.5.6, !=1.5.7",
-    "pytest>=3",
-]
-
-about = {}
-here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-with open(os.path.join(here, "src", "requests", "__version__.py"), "r", "utf-8") as f:
-    exec(f.read(), about)
-
-with open("README.md", "r", "utf-8") as f:
-    readme = f.read()
-
-setup(
-    name=about["__title__"],
-    version=about["__version__"],
-    description=about["__description__"],
-    long_description=readme,
-    long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
-    author=about["__author__"],
-    author_email=about["__author_email__"],
-    url=about["__url__"],
-    packages=["requests"],
-    package_data={"": ["LICENSE", "NOTICE"]},
-    package_dir={"": "src"},
-    include_package_data=True,
-    python_requires=">=3.8",
-    install_requires=requires,
-    license=about["__license__"],
-    zip_safe=False,
-    classifiers=[
-        "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
-        "Environment :: Web Environment",
-        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
-        "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
-        "Natural Language :: English",
-        "Operating System :: OS Independent",
-        "Programming Language :: Python",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
-        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
-        "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
-    ],
-    cmdclass={"test": PyTest},
-    tests_require=test_requirements,
-    extras_require={
-        "security": [],
-        "socks": ["PySocks>=1.5.6, !=1.5.7"],
-        "use_chardet_on_py3": ["chardet>=3.0.2,<6"],
-    },
-    project_urls={
-        "Documentation": "https://requests.readthedocs.io",
-        "Source": "https://github.com/psf/requests",
-    },
-)
+setup()

src/requests/__init__.py

@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ def check_compatibility(urllib3_version, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_ver
     if chardet_version:
         major, minor, patch = chardet_version.split(".")[:3]
         major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
-        # chardet_version >= 3.0.2, < 6.0.0
-        assert (3, 0, 2) <= (major, minor, patch) < (6, 0, 0)
+        # chardet_version >= 3.0.2, < 8.0.0
+        assert (3, 0, 2) <= (major, minor, patch) < (8, 0, 0)
     elif charset_normalizer_version:
         major, minor, patch = charset_normalizer_version.split(".")[:3]
         major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ def _check_cryptography(cryptography_version):
         return
 
     if cryptography_version < [1, 3, 4]:
-        warning = "Old version of cryptography ({}) may cause slowdown.".format(
-            cryptography_version
+        warning = (
+            f"Old version of cryptography ({cryptography_version}) may cause slowdown."
         )
         warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning)
 
@@ -111,10 +111,9 @@ try:
     )
 except (AssertionError, ValueError):
     warnings.warn(
-        "urllib3 ({}) or chardet ({})/charset_normalizer ({}) doesn't match a supported "
-        "version!".format(
-            urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
-        ),
+        f"urllib3 ({urllib3.__version__}) or chardet "
+        f"({chardet_version})/charset_normalizer ({charset_normalizer_version}) "
+        "doesn't match a supported version!",
         RequestsDependencyWarning,
     )
 

src/requests/__version__.py

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 __title__ = "requests"
 __description__ = "Python HTTP for Humans."
 __url__ = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
-__version__ = "2.32.0"
-__build__ = 0x023200
+__version__ = "2.33.1"
+__build__ = 0x023301
 __author__ = "Kenneth Reitz"
 __author_email__ = "me@kennethreitz.org"
 __license__ = "Apache-2.0"

src/requests/_internal_utils.py

@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@ requests._internal_utils
 Provides utility functions that are consumed internally by Requests
 which depend on extremely few external helpers (such as compat)
 """
+
 import re
 
 from .compat import builtin_str
 
-_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
-_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
-_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
-_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*\Z")
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*\Z")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^\S[^\r\n]*\Z|^\Z")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^\S[^\r\n]*\Z|^\Z")
 
 _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR)
 _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE)

src/requests/adapters.py

@@ -9,24 +9,26 @@ and maintain connections.
 import os.path
 import socket  # noqa: F401
 import typing
+import warnings
 
-from urllib3.exceptions import ClosedPoolError, ConnectTimeoutError
-from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError
-from urllib3.exceptions import InvalidHeader as _InvalidHeader
 from urllib3.exceptions import (
+    ClosedPoolError,
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
     LocationValueError,
     MaxRetryError,
     NewConnectionError,
     ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseError,
 )
+from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError
+from urllib3.exceptions import InvalidHeader as _InvalidHeader
 from urllib3.exceptions import ProxyError as _ProxyError
-from urllib3.exceptions import ReadTimeoutError, ResponseError
 from urllib3.exceptions import SSLError as _SSLError
 from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url
 from urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce
 from urllib3.util import parse_url
 from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
-from urllib3.util.ssl_ import create_urllib3_context
 
 from .auth import _basic_auth_str
 from .compat import basestring, urlparse
@@ -47,7 +49,6 @@ from .models import Response
 from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
 from .utils import (
     DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH,
-    extract_zipped_paths,
     get_auth_from_url,
     get_encoding_from_headers,
     prepend_scheme_if_needed,
@@ -72,27 +73,22 @@ DEFAULT_POOLSIZE = 10
 DEFAULT_RETRIES = 0
 DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT = None
 
-_preloaded_ssl_context = create_urllib3_context()
-_preloaded_ssl_context.load_verify_locations(
-    extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH)
-)
-
 
 def _urllib3_request_context(
     request: "PreparedRequest",
     verify: "bool | str | None",
-    client_cert: "typing.Tuple[str, str] | str | None",
-) -> "(typing.Dict[str, typing.Any], typing.Dict[str, typing.Any])":
+    client_cert: "tuple[str, str] | str | None",
+    poolmanager: "PoolManager",
+) -> "(dict[str, typing.Any], dict[str, typing.Any])":
     host_params = {}
     pool_kwargs = {}
     parsed_request_url = urlparse(request.url)
     scheme = parsed_request_url.scheme.lower()
     port = parsed_request_url.port
+
     cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
     if verify is False:
         cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
-    elif verify is True:
-        pool_kwargs["ssl_context"] = _preloaded_ssl_context
     elif isinstance(verify, str):
         if not os.path.isdir(verify):
             pool_kwargs["ca_certs"] = verify
@@ -295,26 +291,27 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         :param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
         """
         if url.lower().startswith("https") and verify:
-            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+            cert_loc = None
 
-            # Only load the CA certificates if 'verify' is a string indicating the CA bundle to use.
-            # Otherwise, if verify is a boolean, we don't load anything since
-            # the connection will be using a context with the default certificates already loaded,
-            # and this avoids a call to the slow load_verify_locations()
+            # Allow self-specified cert location.
             if verify is not True:
-                # `verify` must be a str with a path then
                 cert_loc = verify
 
-                if not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
-                    raise OSError(
-                        f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
-                        f"invalid path: {cert_loc}"
-                    )
+            if not cert_loc:
+                cert_loc = DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
 
-                if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
-                    conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
-                else:
-                    conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
+            if not cert_loc or not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
+                    f"invalid path: {cert_loc}"
+                )
+
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+
+            if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
+                conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
+            else:
+                conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
         else:
             conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
             conn.ca_certs = None
@@ -374,13 +371,83 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
 
         return response
 
-    def _get_connection(self, request, verify, proxies=None, cert=None):
-        # Replace the existing get_connection without breaking things and
-        # ensure that TLS settings are considered when we interact with
-        # urllib3 HTTP Pools
+    def build_connection_pool_key_attributes(self, request, verify, cert=None):
+        """Build the PoolKey attributes used by urllib3 to return a connection.
+
+        This looks at the PreparedRequest, the user-specified verify value,
+        and the value of the cert parameter to determine what PoolKey values
+        to use to select a connection from a given urllib3 Connection Pool.
+
+        The SSL related pool key arguments are not consistently set. As of
+        this writing, use the following to determine what keys may be in that
+        dictionary:
+
+        * If ``verify`` is ``True``, ``"ssl_context"`` will be set and will be the
+          default Requests SSL Context
+        * If ``verify`` is ``False``, ``"ssl_context"`` will not be set but
+          ``"cert_reqs"`` will be set
+        * If ``verify`` is a string, (i.e., it is a user-specified trust bundle)
+          ``"ca_certs"`` will be set if the string is not a directory recognized
+          by :py:func:`os.path.isdir`, otherwise ``"ca_cert_dir"`` will be
+          set.
+        * If ``"cert"`` is specified, ``"cert_file"`` will always be set. If
+          ``"cert"`` is a tuple with a second item, ``"key_file"`` will also
+          be present
+
+        To override these settings, one may subclass this class, call this
+        method and use the above logic to change parameters as desired. For
+        example, if one wishes to use a custom :py:class:`ssl.SSLContext` one
+        must both set ``"ssl_context"`` and based on what else they require,
+        alter the other keys to ensure the desired behaviour.
+
+        :param request:
+            The PreparedReqest being sent over the connection.
+        :type request:
+            :class:`~requests.models.PreparedRequest`
+        :param verify:
+            Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
+            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
+            must be a path to a CA bundle to use.
+        :param cert:
+            (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate for client
+            authentication (a.k.a., mTLS). This may be a string (i.e., just
+            the path to a file which holds both certificate and key) or a
+            tuple of length 2 with the certificate file path and key file
+            path.
+        :returns:
+            A tuple of two dictionaries. The first is the "host parameters"
+            portion of the Pool Key including scheme, hostname, and port. The
+            second is a dictionary of SSLContext related parameters.
+        """
+        return _urllib3_request_context(request, verify, cert, self.poolmanager)
+
+    def get_connection_with_tls_context(self, request, verify, proxies=None, cert=None):
+        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given request and TLS settings.
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request:
+            The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to be sent
+            over the connection.
+        :param verify:
+            Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the
+            server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a
+            path to a CA bundle to use.
+        :param proxies:
+            (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        :param cert:
+            (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be used for client
+            authentication (a.k.a., mTLS).
+        :rtype:
+            urllib3.ConnectionPool
+        """
         proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
         try:
-            host_params, pool_kwargs = _urllib3_request_context(request, verify, cert)
+            host_params, pool_kwargs = self.build_connection_pool_key_attributes(
+                request,
+                verify,
+                cert,
+            )
         except ValueError as e:
             raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
         if proxy:
@@ -404,7 +471,10 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         return conn
 
     def get_connection(self, url, proxies=None):
-        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
+        """DEPRECATED: Users should move to `get_connection_with_tls_context`
+        for all subclasses of HTTPAdapter using Requests>=2.32.2.
+
+        Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
         called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
         :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
 
@@ -412,6 +482,15 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         :param proxies: (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
         :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool
         """
+        warnings.warn(
+            (
+                "`get_connection` has been deprecated in favor of "
+                "`get_connection_with_tls_context`. Custom HTTPAdapter subclasses "
+                "will need to migrate for Requests>=2.32.2. Please see "
+                "https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6710 for more details."
+            ),
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         proxy = select_proxy(url, proxies)
 
         if proxy:
@@ -529,7 +608,9 @@ class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
         """
 
         try:
-            conn = self._get_connection(request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert)
+            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
+                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
+            )
         except LocationValueError as e:
             raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
 

src/requests/auth.py

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ def _basic_auth_str(username, password):
     if not isinstance(username, basestring):
         warnings.warn(
             "Non-string usernames will no longer be supported in Requests "
-            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            f"3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({username!r}) to "
             "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
-            "problems.".format(username),
+            "problems.",
             category=DeprecationWarning,
         )
         username = str(username)
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ def _basic_auth_str(username, password):
     if not isinstance(password, basestring):
         warnings.warn(
             "Non-string passwords will no longer be supported in Requests "
-            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            f"3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({type(password)!r}) to "
             "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
-            "problems.".format(type(password)),
+            "problems.",
             category=DeprecationWarning,
         )
         password = str(password)

src/requests/certs.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ If you are packaging Requests, e.g., for a Linux distribution or a managed
 environment, you can change the definition of where() to return a separately
 packaged CA bundle.
 """
+
 from certifi import where
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

src/requests/compat.py

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ compatibility until the next major version.
 import importlib
 import sys
 
+# -------
+# urllib3
+# -------
+from urllib3 import __version__ as urllib3_version
+
+# Detect which major version of urllib3 is being used.
+try:
+    is_urllib3_1 = int(urllib3_version.split(".")[0]) == 1
+except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+    # If we can't discern a version, prefer old functionality.
+    is_urllib3_1 = True
+
 # -------------------
 # Character Detection
 # -------------------

src/requests/exceptions.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ requests.exceptions
 
 This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
 """
+
 from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
 
 from .compat import JSONDecodeError as CompatJSONDecodeError

src/requests/help.py

@@ -47,11 +47,8 @@ def _implementation():
     if implementation == "CPython":
         implementation_version = platform.python_version()
     elif implementation == "PyPy":
-        implementation_version = "{}.{}.{}".format(
-            sys.pypy_version_info.major,
-            sys.pypy_version_info.minor,
-            sys.pypy_version_info.micro,
-        )
+        pypy = sys.pypy_version_info
+        implementation_version = f"{pypy.major}.{pypy.minor}.{pypy.micro}"
         if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel != "final":
             implementation_version = "".join(
                 [implementation_version, sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel]

src/requests/hooks.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Available hooks:
 ``response``:
     The response generated from a Request.
 """
+
 HOOKS = ["response"]
 
 

src/requests/models.py

@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@ from .compat import (
     builtin_str,
     chardet,
     cookielib,
+    urlencode,
+    urlsplit,
+    urlunparse,
 )
 from .compat import json as complexjson
-from .compat import urlencode, urlsplit, urlunparse
 from .cookies import _copy_cookie_jar, cookiejar_from_dict, get_cookie_header
 from .exceptions import (
     ChunkedEncodingError,
@@ -45,11 +47,11 @@ from .exceptions import (
     HTTPError,
     InvalidJSONError,
     InvalidURL,
+    MissingSchema,
+    StreamConsumedError,
 )
 from .exceptions import JSONDecodeError as RequestsJSONDecodeError
-from .exceptions import MissingSchema
 from .exceptions import SSLError as RequestsSSLError
-from .exceptions import StreamConsumedError
 from .hooks import default_hooks
 from .status_codes import codes
 from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
@@ -945,7 +947,9 @@ class Response:
         return content
 
     def json(self, **kwargs):
-        r"""Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.
+        r"""Decodes the JSON response body (if any) as a Python object.
+
+        This may return a dictionary, list, etc. depending on what is in the response.
 
         :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``json.loads`` takes.
         :raises requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError: If the response body does not

src/requests/sessions.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ requests.sessions
 This module provides a Session object to manage and persist settings across
 requests (cookies, auth, proxies).
 """
+
 import os
 import sys
 import time
@@ -421,6 +422,8 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
         #: expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
         #: man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
         #: Only set this to `False` for testing.
+        #: If verify is set to a string, it must be the path to a CA bundle file
+        #: that will be used to verify the TLS certificate.
         self.verify = True
 
         #: SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client
@@ -535,7 +538,7 @@ class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
             for multipart encoding upload.
         :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
             Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
-        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+        :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send
             data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
             read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
         :type timeout: float or tuple

src/requests/utils.py

@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ from .compat import (
     getproxies,
     getproxies_environment,
     integer_types,
-)
-from .compat import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
-from .compat import (
+    is_urllib3_1,
     proxy_bypass,
     proxy_bypass_environment,
     quote,
@@ -49,6 +47,7 @@ from .compat import (
     urlparse,
     urlunparse,
 )
+from .compat import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
 from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict
 from .exceptions import (
     FileModeWarning,
@@ -60,6 +59,7 @@ from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
 
 NETRC_FILES = (".netrc", "_netrc")
 
+# Certificate is extracted by certifi when needed.
 DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = certs.where()
 
 DEFAULT_PORTS = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@ def super_len(o):
     total_length = None
     current_position = 0
 
-    if isinstance(o, str):
+    if not is_urllib3_1 and isinstance(o, str):
+        # urllib3 2.x+ treats all strings as utf-8 instead
+        # of latin-1 (iso-8859-1) like http.client.
         o = o.encode("utf-8")
 
     if hasattr(o, "__len__"):
@@ -216,14 +218,7 @@ def get_netrc_auth(url, raise_errors=False):
         netrc_path = None
 
         for f in netrc_locations:
-            try:
-                loc = os.path.expanduser(f)
-            except KeyError:
-                # os.path.expanduser can fail when $HOME is undefined and
-                # getpwuid fails. See https://bugs.python.org/issue20164 &
-                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1846
-                return
-
+            loc = os.path.expanduser(f)
             if os.path.exists(loc):
                 netrc_path = loc
                 break
@@ -233,17 +228,11 @@ def get_netrc_auth(url, raise_errors=False):
             return
 
         ri = urlparse(url)
-
-        # Strip port numbers from netloc. This weird `if...encode`` dance is
-        # used for Python 3.2, which doesn't support unicode literals.
-        splitstr = b":"
-        if isinstance(url, str):
-            splitstr = splitstr.decode("ascii")
-        host = ri.netloc.split(splitstr)[0]
+        host = ri.hostname
 
         try:
             _netrc = netrc(netrc_path).authenticators(host)
-            if _netrc:
+            if _netrc and any(_netrc):
                 # Return with login / password
                 login_i = 0 if _netrc[0] else 1
                 return (_netrc[login_i], _netrc[2])
@@ -293,12 +282,13 @@ def extract_zipped_paths(path):
         return path
 
     # we have a valid zip archive and a valid member of that archive
-    tmp = tempfile.gettempdir()
-    extracted_path = os.path.join(tmp, member.split("/")[-1])
-    if not os.path.exists(extracted_path):
-        # use read + write to avoid the creating nested folders, we only want the file, avoids mkdir racing condition
-        with atomic_open(extracted_path) as file_handler:
-            file_handler.write(zip_file.read(member))
+    suffix = os.path.splitext(member.split("/")[-1])[-1]
+    fd, extracted_path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=suffix)
+    try:
+        os.write(fd, zip_file.read(member))
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+
     return extracted_path
 
 
@@ -512,26 +502,23 @@ def get_encodings_from_content(content):
 
 
 def _parse_content_type_header(header):
-    """Returns content type and parameters from given header
+    """Returns content type and parameters from given header.
 
     :param header: string
     :return: tuple containing content type and dictionary of
-         parameters
+         parameters.
     """
 
     tokens = header.split(";")
     content_type, params = tokens[0].strip(), tokens[1:]
     params_dict = {}
-    items_to_strip = "\"' "
+    strip_chars = "\"' "
 
     for param in params:
         param = param.strip()
-        if param:
-            key, value = param, True
-            index_of_equals = param.find("=")
-            if index_of_equals != -1:
-                key = param[:index_of_equals].strip(items_to_strip)
-                value = param[index_of_equals + 1 :].strip(items_to_strip)
+        if param and (idx := param.find("=")) != -1:
+            key = param[:idx].strip(strip_chars)
+            value = param[idx + 1 :].strip(strip_chars)
             params_dict[key.lower()] = value
     return content_type, params_dict
 

tests/certs/expired/ca/ca-private.key

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQDHlIhe7GLCeSk8
-RZOKdtmyKns6KdZgGw/LcxPkYvQlu1g0zV8X0DqVr2LdMumWUTNCc9sPdSlAG+He
-mQp2TMoWUMumMuwDtit9RT0Sb6Eh9svWgjY9ferovPJRfCWUTsA2Ug8uoh0wyEXK
-na7X6fHt5E3B9vj0+b9a4vDibdBXV11FheLT02/uEmAEJDdP/zeBgvVbhcVyumO6
-fAGMIWzR2ukhe8z/ma5H9zoi4gZA8nsK6reZUD8+6affnPe+jIt/AdzggtV9jkWm
-zSpr+RHeZ0y+q4eik2ZNUGg4XcF6JsJ9yu/AqLBXxd38uLdFfgyhP2y6K628yzgy
-e6lzFyWnAgMBAAECggEAFwzHhzcD3PQDWCus85PwZoxTeQ817BmUBGpBBOKM0gLG
-GCsT7XsmGP2NjICBy9OK+QTKawmb/wR5XK0OMUWDHXqtWn+NFIyojyo8+HEeCf8n
-4ZleTFHLnJ+d2N1etbc2qc9mY3tjpaurq8/0Tol9YH06ock1TY2+lO+a5HvMURnY
-hcWs70CamL+5B/6n67DhjzMtIW3dIXuEEceM1BW/jW8SKq0JHpQ3t+OJwID7zFaJ
-bLyOwAVheMzVGvN3yphf8tll3tMA65bNjdOzgOfZSjAy7EGjW3DyAolDw9jKLRyu
-E0gw/exNGe618oMIeUDv0KParlL4RjdiUP8l0xYOwQKBgQD3eYj9rWeqZquI9vKP
-gaSv6urb2UJLngShZUpEZRNJgBO+Ewiof0w8tpQdsnuMvWudxMLbzgiUNA+NyC/K
-CpzIXFkWnWx+A/pxs8ZO8moOfajVRayJgeOLsQZb7c4fXGsVGApbN4+cPNhTNG6d
-ucErv6tae/SzAzcLc5Vkw/ELxwKBgQDOdJ5Wl5JeKAvU/3kF6+MYWCrXxZqMjoHS
-y1BtyMX5RbdaWTCfDUu1aV3qJOJjjWQ9DJdJQcEsrTjOpD4bVdZx4w/XEG0JXAa3
-jRypVHGdeG/TjhUGJA8U+KX3a1DkcdqM9pqFYRw5Ie95Wz9YRroI+YkixqpK8d7W
-C+5BodxXIQKBgCk8Lv9V7XgPM3XW8APJbk+BrTCEuu8unUbnQcCztssAdEmvkjnB
-PErBgVyRaNTCmzPmnTFS20sWgaD2QkBAFG+uM4n5ISK+NvTLJ7fv3IwdlAw1V9Jx
-uiCElrKqpTXEiHMzVkZss5ks6j6y9duCIBXSEhM5pERPvNRDphjsLTXxAoGARSNC
-nyb1Kjjo9XR0V+pNy6pC9q1C+00B5tCVZ55zxe114Hi70pfGQcM+YxnlAoeoCNW9
-mBfAFDESNAlGjyrovIzYkiH7EcZSrYdBEOepgJ2DfWo4Wi0bK9+03K2AknAaS1iO
-GJqTtAJMSuymwu40gKroJNA42Q40nKO0LyCARGECgYEAiFRHkblBtStv22SpZxNC
-jim9yuM0ikh7Ij1lEHysc/GWb2RQNxQVk54BU2kQ0d9xwMZQTKvpF3VE9t7uGdwt
-AasWPr/tWYt35Ud0D4bNlagJJ4Xdslf8n1nkq3qqqDQbd7kkQRgwGzVr0uVg7ZfS
-26qSPQ0/aF9nagb5eHX3AuU=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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

tests/certs/expired/ca/ca.cnf

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ prompt = no
 default_md = sha256
 encrypt_key = no
 distinguished_name = dn
+x509_extensions = v3_ca
 
 [dn]
 C = US                            # country code
 O = Python Software Foundation    # organization
 OU = python-requests              # organization unit/department
 CN = Self-Signed Root CA          # common name / your cert name
+
+[v3_ca]
+basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
+keyUsage = critical, cRLSign, digitalSignature, keyCertSign

tests/certs/expired/ca/ca.crt

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDWzCCAkMCFA9wdtNh/V99DRwYp8vXjPxSjJnWMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGox
-CzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSMwIQYDVQQKDBpQeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlv
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

tests/certs/expired/ca/ca.srl

@@ -1 +1 @@
-4F36C3A7E075BA6452D10EEB81E7F189FF489B74
+4F36C3A7E075BA6452D10EEB81E7F189FF489B83

tests/certs/expired/server/server.csr

@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
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 -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

tests/certs/expired/server/server.key

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

tests/certs/expired/server/server.pem

@@ -1,41 +1,44 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

tests/certs/mtls/client/client.csr

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
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 -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

tests/certs/mtls/client/client.key

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

tests/certs/mtls/client/client.pem

@@ -1,41 +1,44 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

tests/certs/valid/server/server.csr

@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
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 -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

tests/certs/valid/server/server.key

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 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

tests/certs/valid/server/server.pem

@@ -1,47 +1,46 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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-FgYDVQQLDA9weXRob24tcmVxdWVzdHMxHDAaBgNVBAMME1NlbGYtU2lnbmVkIFJv
-b3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDHlIhe7GLCeSk8
-RZOKdtmyKns6KdZgGw/LcxPkYvQlu1g0zV8X0DqVr2LdMumWUTNCc9sPdSlAG+He
-mQp2TMoWUMumMuwDtit9RT0Sb6Eh9svWgjY9ferovPJRfCWUTsA2Ug8uoh0wyEXK
-na7X6fHt5E3B9vj0+b9a4vDibdBXV11FheLT02/uEmAEJDdP/zeBgvVbhcVyumO6
-fAGMIWzR2ukhe8z/ma5H9zoi4gZA8nsK6reZUD8+6affnPe+jIt/AdzggtV9jkWm
-zSpr+RHeZ0y+q4eik2ZNUGg4XcF6JsJ9yu/AqLBXxd38uLdFfgyhP2y6K628yzgy
-e6lzFyWnAgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAGymNVTsKSAq8Ju6zV+AWAyV
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-9ZMT8m91nVamA35R8ZjfeAkNp2xcz0a67V0ww6o4wSXrG7o5ZRXyjqZ/9K7SfwUJ
-rV9RciccsjH/MzKbfrx73QwsbPWiFmjzHopdasIO0lDlmgm/r9gKfkbzfKoGCgLZ
-6an6FlmLftLSXijf/QwtqeSP9fODeE3dzBmnTM3jdoVS53ZegUDWNl14o25v2Kg=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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

tests/test_lowlevel.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import threading
 
 import pytest
-from tests.testserver.server import Server, consume_socket_content
 
 import requests
 from requests.compat import JSONDecodeError
+from tests.testserver.server import Server, consume_socket_content
 
 from .utils import override_environ
 

tests/test_requests.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import json
 import os
 import pickle
 import re
+import tempfile
 import threading
 import warnings
 from unittest import mock
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ from requests.compat import (
     builtin_str,
     cookielib,
     getproxies,
+    is_urllib3_1,
     urlparse,
 )
 from requests.cookies import cookiejar_from_dict, morsel_to_cookie
@@ -42,9 +44,11 @@ from requests.exceptions import (
     ReadTimeout,
     RequestException,
     RetryError,
+    Timeout,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    UnrewindableBodyError,
 )
 from requests.exceptions import SSLError as RequestsSSLError
-from requests.exceptions import Timeout, TooManyRedirects, UnrewindableBodyError
 from requests.hooks import default_hooks
 from requests.models import PreparedRequest, urlencode
 from requests.sessions import SessionRedirectMixin
@@ -703,6 +707,36 @@ class TestRequests:
         finally:
             requests.sessions.get_netrc_auth = old_auth
 
+    def test_basicauth_with_netrc_leak(self, httpbin):
+        url1 = httpbin("basic-auth", "user", "pass")
+        url = url1[len("http://") :]
+        domain = url.split(":")[0]
+        url = f"http://example.com:@{url}"
+
+        netrc_file = ""
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as fp:
+            fp.write("machine example.com\n")
+            fp.write("login wronguser\n")
+            fp.write("password wrongpass\n")
+            fp.write(f"machine {domain}\n")
+            fp.write("login user\n")
+            fp.write("password pass\n")
+            fp.close()
+            netrc_file = fp.name
+
+        old_netrc = os.environ.get("NETRC", "")
+        os.environ["NETRC"] = netrc_file
+
+        try:
+            # Should use netrc
+            # Make sure that we don't use the example.com credentails
+            # for the request
+            r = requests.get(url)
+            assert r.status_code == 200
+        finally:
+            os.environ["NETRC"] = old_netrc
+            os.unlink(netrc_file)
+
     def test_DIGEST_HTTP_200_OK_GET(self, httpbin):
         for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:
             auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")
@@ -928,20 +962,18 @@ class TestRequests:
         INVALID_PATH = "/garbage"
         with pytest.raises(IOError) as e:
             requests.get(httpbin_secure(), verify=INVALID_PATH)
-        assert str(
-            e.value
-        ) == "Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: {}".format(
-            INVALID_PATH
+        assert (
+            str(e.value)
+            == f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: {INVALID_PATH}"
         )
 
     def test_invalid_ssl_certificate_files(self, httpbin_secure):
         INVALID_PATH = "/garbage"
         with pytest.raises(IOError) as e:
             requests.get(httpbin_secure(), cert=INVALID_PATH)
-        assert str(
-            e.value
-        ) == "Could not find the TLS certificate file, invalid path: {}".format(
-            INVALID_PATH
+        assert (
+            str(e.value)
+            == f"Could not find the TLS certificate file, invalid path: {INVALID_PATH}"
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(IOError) as e:
@@ -1662,6 +1694,32 @@ class TestRequests:
 
         assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix_with_different_case) is my_adapter
 
+    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_with_trailing_slash(self):
+        # from issue #6935
+        prefix = "https://example.com/"  # trailing slash
+        url_matching_prefix = "https://example.com/some/path"
+        url_not_matching_prefix = "https://example.com.other.com/some/path"
+
+        s = requests.Session()
+        adapter = HTTPAdapter()
+        s.mount(prefix, adapter)
+
+        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix) is adapter
+        assert s.get_adapter(url_not_matching_prefix) is not adapter
+
+    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_without_trailing_slash(self):
+        # from issue #6935
+        prefix = "https://example.com"  # no trailing slash
+        url_matching_prefix = "https://example.com/some/path"
+        url_extended_hostname = "https://example.com.other.com/some/path"
+
+        s = requests.Session()
+        adapter = HTTPAdapter()
+        s.mount(prefix, adapter)
+
+        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix) is adapter
+        assert s.get_adapter(url_extended_hostname) is adapter
+
     def test_header_remove_is_case_insensitive(self, httpbin):
         # From issue #1321
         s = requests.Session()
@@ -1733,6 +1791,11 @@ class TestRequests:
             {"fo\r\no": "bar"},
             {"fo\n\ro": "bar"},
             {"fo\no": "bar"},
+            {"foo": "bar\n"},
+            {"foo\n": "bar"},
+            {"foo": "bar\r\n"},
+            {"foo": "\n"},
+            {"foo": "\r\n"},
         ),
     )
     def test_header_no_return_chars(self, httpbin, invalid_header):
@@ -1810,23 +1873,6 @@ class TestRequests:
 
         assert p.headers["Content-Length"] == length
 
-    def test_content_length_for_bytes_data(self, httpbin):
-        data = "This is a string containing multi-byte UTF-8 ☃️"
-        encoded_data = data.encode("utf-8")
-        length = str(len(encoded_data))
-        req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=encoded_data)
-        p = req.prepare()
-
-        assert p.headers["Content-Length"] == length
-
-    def test_content_length_for_string_data_counts_bytes(self, httpbin):
-        data = "This is a string containing multi-byte UTF-8 ☃️"
-        length = str(len(data.encode("utf-8")))
-        req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=data)
-        p = req.prepare()
-
-        assert p.headers["Content-Length"] == length
-
     def test_nonhttp_schemes_dont_check_URLs(self):
         test_urls = (
             "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAHAAACH5BAUAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==",
@@ -2419,7 +2465,6 @@ class TestMorselToCookieExpires:
 
 
 class TestMorselToCookieMaxAge:
-
     """Tests for morsel_to_cookie when morsel contains max-age."""
 
     def test_max_age_valid_int(self):
@@ -2966,6 +3011,29 @@ class TestPreparingURLs:
         assert client_cert is not None
 
 
+def test_content_length_for_bytes_data(httpbin):
+    data = "This is a string containing multi-byte UTF-8 ☃️"
+    encoded_data = data.encode("utf-8")
+    length = str(len(encoded_data))
+    req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=encoded_data)
+    p = req.prepare()
+
+    assert p.headers["Content-Length"] == length
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    is_urllib3_1,
+    reason="urllib3 2.x encodes all strings to utf-8, urllib3 1.x uses latin-1",
+)
+def test_content_length_for_string_data_counts_bytes(httpbin):
+    data = "This is a string containing multi-byte UTF-8 ☃️"
+    length = str(len(data.encode("utf-8")))
+    req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=data)
+    p = req.prepare()
+
+    assert p.headers["Content-Length"] == length
+
+
 def test_json_decode_errors_are_serializable_deserializable():
     json_decode_error = requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError(
         "Extra data",

tests/test_testserver.py

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ import threading
 import time
 
 import pytest
-from tests.testserver.server import Server
 
 import requests
+from tests.testserver.server import Server
 
 
 class TestTestServer:
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class TestTestServer:
     def test_text_response(self):
         """the text_response_server sends the given text"""
         server = Server.text_response_server(
-            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" "Content-Length: 6\r\n" "\r\nroflol"
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 6\r\n\r\nroflol"
         )
 
         with server as (host, port):

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from requests.utils import (
     get_encoding_from_headers,
     get_encodings_from_content,
     get_environ_proxies,
+    get_netrc_auth,
     guess_filename,
     guess_json_utf,
     is_ipv4_address,
@@ -152,6 +153,34 @@ class TestSuperLen:
         assert super_len(object()) == 0
 
 
+class TestGetNetrcAuth:
+    def test_works(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        netrc_path = tmp_path / ".netrc"
+        monkeypatch.setenv("NETRC", str(netrc_path))
+        with open(netrc_path, "w") as f:
+            f.write("machine example.com login aaaa password bbbb\n")
+        auth = get_netrc_auth("http://example.com/thing")
+        assert auth == ("aaaa", "bbbb")
+
+    def test_not_vulnerable_to_bad_url_parsing(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        netrc_path = tmp_path / ".netrc"
+        monkeypatch.setenv("NETRC", str(netrc_path))
+        with open(netrc_path, "w") as f:
+            f.write("machine example.com login aaaa password bbbb\n")
+        auth = get_netrc_auth("http://example.com:@evil.com/'")
+        assert auth is None
+
+    def test_empty_default_credentials_ignored(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        """Empty default credentials should not be returned."""
+        netrc_path = tmp_path / ".netrc"
+        monkeypatch.setenv("NETRC", str(netrc_path))
+        with open(netrc_path, "w") as f:
+            f.write("machine example.com login user password pass\ndefault\n")
+
+        auth = get_netrc_auth("http://httpbin.org/")
+        assert auth is None
+
+
 class TestToKeyValList:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "value, expected",
@@ -332,9 +361,12 @@ class TestExtractZippedPaths:
         zipped_path = os.path.join(zipped_py.strpath, name.lstrip(r"\/"))
         extracted_path = extract_zipped_paths(zipped_path)
 
-        assert extracted_path != zipped_path
-        assert os.path.exists(extracted_path)
-        assert filecmp.cmp(extracted_path, __file__)
+        try:
+            assert extracted_path != zipped_path
+            assert os.path.exists(extracted_path)
+            assert filecmp.cmp(extracted_path, __file__)
+        finally:
+            os.remove(extracted_path)
 
     def test_invalid_unc_path(self):
         path = r"\\localhost\invalid\location"
@@ -564,7 +596,6 @@ def test_parse_dict_header(value, expected):
                 {
                     "boundary": "something",
                     "boundary2": "something_else",
-                    "no_equals": True,
                 },
             ),
         ),
@@ -575,7 +606,6 @@ def test_parse_dict_header(value, expected):
                 {
                     "boundary": "something",
                     "boundary2": "something_else",
-                    "no_equals": True,
                 },
             ),
         ),
@@ -586,7 +616,6 @@ def test_parse_dict_header(value, expected):
                 {
                     "boundary": "something",
                     "boundary2": "something_else",
-                    "no_equals": True,
                 },
             ),
         ),
@@ -597,7 +626,6 @@ def test_parse_dict_header(value, expected):
                 {
                     "boundary": "something",
                     "boundary2": "something_else",
-                    "no_equals": True,
                 },
             ),
         ),
@@ -617,6 +645,10 @@ def test__parse_content_type_header(value, expected):
             "utf-8",
         ),
         (CaseInsensitiveDict({"content-type": "text/plain"}), "ISO-8859-1"),
+        (
+            CaseInsensitiveDict({"content-type": "text/html; charset"}),
+            "ISO-8859-1",
+        ),
     ),
 )
 def test_get_encoding_from_headers(value, expected):

tox.ini

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = py{38,39,310,311,312}-{default, use_chardet_on_py3}
+envlist = py{310,311,312,313,314}-{default, use_chardet_on_py3}
 
 [testenv]
 deps = -rrequirements-dev.txt